{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,31]],"date-time":"2026-10-31T21:28:45Z","timestamp":1793482125969,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,2,19]],"date-time":"2009-02-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1235001600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Epidemiol. Infect."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>SUMMARY<\/jats:title><jats:p>A prospective cohort study estimated the incidence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) in drug injectors in South Wales (UK). In total, 286\/481 eligible seronegative individuals were followed up after approximately 12 months. Dried blood spot samples were collected and tested for anti-HCV antibody and behavioural data were collected at baseline and follow-up. HCV incidence was 5\u00b79\/100 person-years [95% confidence interval (CI) 3\u00b74\u20139\u00b75]. HCV incidence was predicted by community size [incident rate ratio (IRR) 6\u00b76, 95% CI 2\u00b711\u201320\u00b751,<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>=0\u00b7001], homelessness (IRR 2\u00b79, 95% CI 1\u00b702\u20138\u00b728,<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>=0\u00b7047) and sharing injecting equipment (IRR 12\u00b77, 95% CI 1\u00b762\u201399\u00b76,<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>=0\u00b7015). HCV incidence was reduced in individuals in opiate substitution treatment (IRR 0\u00b734, 95% CI 0\u00b712\u20130\u00b799,<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>=0\u00b7047). In order to reduce follow-up bias we used multiple imputation of missing data using switching regression; after imputation estimated HCV incidence was 8\u00b75\/100 person-years (95% CI 5\u00b74\u201312\u00b77). HCV incidence varies with community size, equipment sharing and homelessness are associated with increased HCV incidence and opiate substitution treatment may be protective against HCV.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s095026880900212x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,2,19]],"date-time":"2009-02-19T09:28:03Z","timestamp":1235035683000},"page":"1255-1265","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":72,"title":["Incidence of hepatitis C in drug injectors: the role of homelessness, opiate substitution treatment, equipment sharing, and community size"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"137","author":[{"given":"N.","family":"CRAINE","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"HICKMAN","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J. 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