{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,27]],"date-time":"2025-09-27T21:48:18Z","timestamp":1759009698613},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,4,7]],"date-time":"2009-04-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1239062400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Epidemiol. Infect."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>SUMMARY<\/jats:title><jats:p>Between October and December 2005, 16 cases of wound botulism were notified to the health authorities of North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. All patients were injecting drug users (IDU) and the epidemiological investigations suggested contaminated injection drugs as the most probable source of infection.<jats:italic>Clostridium botulinum<\/jats:italic>was cultivated from clinical samples of six patients and molecular typing revealed that the different isolates were clonally identical. Two samples of heroin, one of them provided by a patient, were examined but<jats:italic>C. botulinum<\/jats:italic>could not be isolated. This outbreak demonstrates that IDU are at risk for acquiring wound botulism by injecting contaminated drugs. A greater awareness of this disease is needed by physicians and a close cooperation between public health authorities, street workers, operators of sheltered injecting facilities, and medical centres focusing on IDU is essential to prevent and manage outbreaks in IDU in a timely manner.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0950268809002544","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,4,7]],"date-time":"2009-04-07T12:59:49Z","timestamp":1239109189000},"page":"1602-1608","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Outbreak of wound botulism in injecting drug users"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"137","author":[{"given":"M.","family":"SCHROETER","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"K.","family":"ALPERS","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"U.","family":"VAN TREECK","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"C.","family":"FRANK","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"N.","family":"ROSENKOETTER","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"R.","family":"SCHAUMANN","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,4,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0950268809002544_ref018","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.43.9.4342-4348.2005"},{"key":"S0950268809002544_ref012","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/0022-1317-51-11-1001"},{"key":"S0950268809002544_ref011","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/142.6.944"},{"key":"S0950268809002544_ref001","first-page":"50","volume-title":"Annual report on reportable communicable diseases for 2004 [in German]","year":"2004"},{"key":"S0950268809002544_ref015","volume-title":"Handbook for Epidemiologists, Clinicians, and Laboratory Workers","year":"1998"},{"key":"S0950268809002544_ref019","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.279.11.859"},{"key":"S0950268809002544_ref024","unstructured":"24. 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