{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,9]],"date-time":"2026-07-09T15:14:10Z","timestamp":1783610050891,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,5,27]],"date-time":"2009-05-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1243382400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Epidemiol. Infect."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>SUMMARY<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:italic>Cryptosporidium<\/jats:italic>species have emerged as a major cause of outbreaks of diarrhoea and have been associated with consumption of contaminated recreational and drinking water and food as well as contact with infected attendees of child-care programmes. In August 2007, the Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment detected an increase in cryptosporidiosis cases over baseline values. We conducted a case-control study to assess risk factors for infection and collected stool specimens from ill persons for microscopy and molecular analysis. Laboratory-confirmed cases (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>=47) were more likely to have swallowed untreated water from a lake, river, or stream [adjusted matched odds ratio (aOR) 8\u00b70, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1\u00b73\u201348\u00b71], have had exposure to recreational water (aOR 4\u00b76, 95% CI 1\u00b74\u201314\u00b76), or have had contact with a child in a child-care programme or in diapers (aOR 3\u00b78, 95% CI 1\u00b75\u20139\u00b76). Although exposure to recreational water is commonly implicated in summertime cryptosporidiosis outbreaks, this study demonstrates that investigations of increased incidence of cases in summer should also examine other potential risk factors. This study emphasizes the need for public health education efforts that address the multiple transmission routes for<jats:italic>Cryptosporidium<\/jats:italic>and appropriate prevention measures to avoid future transmission.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0950268809002842","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,5,27]],"date-time":"2009-05-27T09:27:28Z","timestamp":1243416448000},"page":"1781-1788","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Multiple risk factors associated with a large statewide increase in cryptosporidiosis"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"137","author":[{"given":"A. L.","family":"VALDERRAMA","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M. C.","family":"HLAVSA","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"CRONQUIST","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"COSGROVE","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S. P.","family":"JOHNSTON","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J. M.","family":"ROBERTS","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M. L.","family":"STOCK","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L.","family":"XIAO","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K.","family":"XAVIER","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M. J.","family":"BEACH","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,5,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0950268809002842_ref027","first-page":"39","article-title":"Surveillance for waterborne disease and outbreaks associated with drinking water and water not intended for drinking \u2013 United States, 2005\u20132006","volume":"57","author":"Yoder","year":"2008","journal-title":"Morbidity and Mortality Weeekly Report. Surveillance Summaries"},{"key":"S0950268809002842_ref026","unstructured":"26. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Preventing cryptosporidiosis: a guide to water filters and bottled water (http:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/crypto\/factsheets\/filters.html). Accessed 19 November 2008."},{"key":"S0950268809002842_ref024","unstructured":"24. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Control measures for the child care setting during an outbreak of cryptosporidiosis (http:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/ncidod\/dpd\/parasites\/cryptosporidiosis\/Childcare_outbreak.pdf. 2007). 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