{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,20]],"date-time":"2026-03-20T07:20:18Z","timestamp":1773991218471,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,8,14]],"date-time":"2009-08-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1250208000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Epidemiol. Infect."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>SUMMARY<\/jats:title><jats:p>We report on a measles outbreak originating in an anthroposophic community in Austria, 2008. A total of 394 (94\u00b79%) cases fulfilled the outbreak case definition including 168 cases affiliated to the anthroposophic community. The source case was a school pupil from Switzerland. The Austrian outbreak strain was genotype D5, indistinguishable from the Swiss outbreak strain. A school-based retrospective cohort study in the anthroposophic school demonstrated a vaccine effectiveness of 97\u00b73% in pupils who had received a single dose of measles-containing vaccine and 100% in those who had received two doses. The vaccination coverage of the cases in the anthroposophic community was 0\u00b76%. Of the 226 outbreak cases not belonging to the anthroposophic community, the 10\u201324 years age group was the most affected. Our findings underline the epidemiological significance of suboptimal vaccination coverage in anthroposophic communities and in older age groups of the general population in facilitating measles virus circulation. The findings of this outbreak investigation suggest that the WHO European Region is unlikely to achieve its 2010 target for measles and rubella elimination.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0950268809990604","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,8,14]],"date-time":"2009-08-14T08:38:12Z","timestamp":1250239092000},"page":"415-425","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":36,"title":["Measles outbreak linked to a minority group in Austria, 2008"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"138","author":[{"given":"D.","family":"SCHMID","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"H.","family":"HOLZMANN","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"K.","family":"SCHWARZ","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"KASPER","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"H-W.","family":"KUO","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S. W.","family":"ABERLE","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"REDLBERGER-FRITZ","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"W.","family":"HAUTMANN","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"SANTIBANEZ","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"MANKERTZ","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"C.","family":"K\u00d6NIG","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"E.","family":"MAGNET","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"REICHART","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"MEUSBURGER","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"LUCKNER-HORNISCHER","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"DE MARTIN","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"E.","family":"BECHTER","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"STIRLING","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"F.","family":"ALLERBERGER","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,8,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0950268809990604_ref001","unstructured":"1. WHO. Eliminating measles and rubella and prevention congenital rubella infection. WHO European region strategic plan 2005\u20132010. World Health Organization, 2005 (http:\/www.euro.who.int\/document\/E87772.pdf). Accessed July 2009."},{"key":"S0950268809990604_ref018","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(98)09344-1"},{"key":"S0950268809990604_ref004","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2807\/ese.13.07.08042-en"},{"key":"S0950268809990604_ref013","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/INF.0b013e318060aca1"},{"key":"S0950268809990604_ref019","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268899004525"},{"key":"S0950268809990604_ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.2807\/ese.13.16.18837-en","article-title":"Measles is still a cause for concern in Europe","volume":"13","author":"Muscat","year":"2008","journal-title":"Eurosurveillance"},{"key":"S0950268809990604_ref002","first-page":"5","article-title":"Measles in Austria, 2003\u20132005 [in German]","volume":"108","author":"El Belazi","year":"2007","journal-title":"Mitteilungen der Sanit\u00e4tsverwaltung"},{"key":"S0950268809990604_ref015","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006454-199907000-00010"},{"key":"S0950268809990604_ref016","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/498902"},{"key":"S0950268809990604_ref008","unstructured":"8. European Parliament. Commission Decision of 28\/IV\/2008 amending Decision 2002\/253\/EC laying down case definitions for reporting communicable diseases to the Community network under Decision No. 2119\/98\/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council."},{"key":"S0950268809990604_ref023","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa060775"},{"key":"S0950268809990604_ref010","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/0022-1317-83-11-2699"},{"key":"S0950268809990604_ref006","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268899004525"},{"key":"S0950268809990604_ref027","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.0020316"},{"key":"S0950268809990604_ref032","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2807\/esm.08.06.00415-en"},{"key":"S0950268809990604_ref017","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(08)61849-8"},{"key":"S0950268809990604_ref007","first-page":"1055","article-title":"Field evaluation of vaccine efficacy","volume":"63","author":"Orenstein","year":"1985","journal-title":"Bulletin of the World Health Organization"},{"key":"S0950268809990604_ref022","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid0707.017743"},{"key":"S0950268809990604_ref020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.2807\/ese.13.31.18945-en","article-title":"Measles outbreak in an anthroposophic community in The Hague, The Netherlands, June-July 2008","volume":"13","author":"van Velzen","year":"2008","journal-title":"Eurosurveillance"},{"key":"S0950268809990604_ref005","unstructured":"5. Kreidl P , Muscat M . Mission report \u2013 measles outbreak in Austria \u2013 risk assessment in advance of the EURO 2008 football championship, 14\u201317 April 2008 (http:\/\/www.ecdc.europa.eu\/pdf\/Measles_Austria_web.pdf). Accessed July 2009."},{"key":"S0950268809990604_ref009","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcv.2004.08.017"},{"key":"S0950268809990604_ref011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.2807\/ese.13.16.18838-en","article-title":"An ongoing multi-state outbreak of measles linked to nonimmune anthroposophic communities in Austria, Germany, and Norway, March-April 2008","volume":"13","author":"Schmid","year":"2008","journal-title":"Eurosurveillance"},{"key":"S0950268809990604_ref012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.2807\/ese.13.08.08043-en","article-title":"Measles outbreak in Switzerland \u2013 an update relevant for the European football championship (EURO 2008)","volume":"13","author":"Richard","year":"2008","journal-title":"Eurosurveillance"},{"key":"S0950268809990604_ref014","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2004-2718"},{"key":"S0950268809990604_ref021","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jech.55.9.685"},{"key":"S0950268809990604_ref024","article-title":"Current measles outbreak in Greece","volume":"11","author":"Georgakopoulou","year":"2006","journal-title":"Eurosurveillance"},{"key":"S0950268809990604_ref025","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S095026880700845X"},{"key":"S0950268809990604_ref029","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2471\/BLT.07.050187"},{"key":"S0950268809990604_ref030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.2807\/ese.14.16.19184-en","article-title":"Rubella outbreak in Austria, 2008\u20132009","volume":"14","author":"Schmid","year":"2009","journal-title":"Eurosurveillance"},{"key":"S0950268809990604_ref031","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.110.5.e58"},{"key":"S0950268809990604_ref026","unstructured":"26. World Health Organization. WHO guidelines for epidemic preparedness and response to measles outbreaks. Geneva, Switzerland, May 1999, p. 56 (WHO\/CDS\/CSR\/ISR\/99.1)."},{"key":"S0950268809990604_ref028","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1023038705835"}],"container-title":["Epidemiology and Infection"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S0950268809990604","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,9]],"date-time":"2021-10-09T17:35:47Z","timestamp":1633800947000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S0950268809990604\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2009,8,14]]},"references-count":32,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,3]]}},"alternative-id":["S0950268809990604"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s0950268809990604","relation":{},"ISSN":["0950-2688","1469-4409"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0950-2688","type":"print"},{"value":"1469-4409","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2009,8,14]]}}}