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Transmission is facilitated by the prolonged environmental survival of these viruses and their greater resistance to biocides. Serious outbreaks with neurological and cardiopulmonary complications caused by human enterovirus 71 (HEV-71) seem to be commoner in the Asian Pacific region than elsewhere in the world. This geographical predilection is unexplained but could be related to the frequency of intra- and inter-typic genetic recombinations of the virus, the host populations' genetic predisposition, environmental hygiene, and standard of healthcare. Vaccine development could be hampered by the general mildness of the illness and rapid genetic evolution of the virus. Antivirals are not readily available; the role of intravenous immunoglobulin in the treatment of serious complications should be investigated. Monitoring of this disease and its epidemiology in the densely populated Asia Pacific epicentre is important for the detection of emerging epidemics due to enteroviruses.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0950268809991555","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,1,8]],"date-time":"2010-01-08T12:19:38Z","timestamp":1262953178000},"page":"1071-1089","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":230,"title":["Human enterovirus 71 and hand, foot and mouth disease"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"138","author":[{"given":"S. S. Y.","family":"WONG","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C. C. Y.","family":"YIP","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S. K. P.","family":"LAU","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K. 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