{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T10:36:28Z","timestamp":1791196588780,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,1,22]],"date-time":"2010-01-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1264118400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Epidemiol. Infect."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>SUMMARY<\/jats:title><jats:p>We examined stool specimens for viral pathogens from 50 children referred to hospital due to acute gastroenteritis (AGE) resulting from consuming drinking water contaminated with sewage in a Finnish community using PCR methods. Rotavirus was detected in 33 (66%), human calicivirus in 31 (62%), and both in 40% of cases. Of the caliciviruses, 20\/31 (65%) were noroviruses and 11 (35%) sapoviruses. Furthermore, Aichi virus was detected in 25 (50%), adenovirus in six (12%) and bocavirus in four (8%) cases.<jats:italic>Campylobacter jejuni<\/jats:italic>was present in 20 (61%) and<jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic>in four (12%) of the 33 stools cultured for bacteria. On a 20-point scale median severity score of AGE in the 28 hospitalized children was 17; the severity was similar regardless of viruses detected. Bloody diarrhoea occurred only when<jats:italic>C. jejuni<\/jats:italic>was present. To conclude, massive exposure to several AGE viruses caused mixed infections and severe AGE regardless of the aetiological agents.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0950268809991671","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,1,22]],"date-time":"2010-01-22T11:37:02Z","timestamp":1264160222000},"page":"1227-1234","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":80,"title":["Mixed viral infections causing acute gastroenteritis in children in a waterborne outbreak"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"138","author":[{"given":"S.","family":"R\u00c4S\u00c4NEN","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"LAPPALAINEN","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"KAIKKONEN","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"H\u00c4M\u00c4L\u00c4INEN","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"SALMINEN","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"T.","family":"VESIKARI","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,1,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0950268809991671_ref019","article-title":"Aichi virus infection in children with acute gastroenteritis in Finland","author":"Kaikkonen","year":"2009","journal-title":"Epidemiology and Infection"},{"key":"S0950268809991671_ref011","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(04)15641-9"},{"key":"S0950268809991671_ref027","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcv.2008.02.011"},{"key":"S0950268809991671_ref012","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.00499-08"},{"key":"S0950268809991671_ref036","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.21409"},{"key":"S0950268809991671_ref018","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.02140-07"},{"key":"S0950268809991671_ref007","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006454-199905000-00005"},{"key":"S0950268809991671_ref032","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcv.2005.09.008"},{"key":"S0950268809991671_ref006","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/516717"},{"key":"S0950268809991671_ref034","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/pir.28-5-183"},{"key":"S0950268809991671_ref016","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.10386"},{"key":"S0950268809991671_ref014","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/596210"},{"key":"S0950268809991671_ref022","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcv.2008.07.014"},{"key":"S0950268809991671_ref013","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcv.2007.12.012"},{"key":"S0950268809991671_ref010","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcv.2004.12.014"},{"key":"S0950268809991671_ref015","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.56.4.264"},{"key":"S0950268809991671_ref029","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00705-004-0296-9"},{"key":"S0950268809991671_ref009","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2006.03.001"},{"key":"S0950268809991671_ref001","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid0901.020184"},{"key":"S0950268809991671_ref024","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/00365549009027046"},{"key":"S0950268809991671_ref002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1202.050006"},{"key":"S0950268809991671_ref004","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1651-2227.1981.tb07181.x"},{"key":"S0950268809991671_ref005","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1651-2227.2002.tb03325.x"},{"key":"S0950268809991671_ref025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.28.2.276-282.1990","article-title":"Polymerase chain reaction amplification and typing of rotavirus nucleic acid from stool specimens","volume":"28","author":"Gouvea","year":"1990","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Microbiology"},{"key":"S0950268809991671_ref030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2955","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.38.8.2955-2961.2000","article-title":"Application of a reverse transcription-PCR for identification and differentiation of Aichi virus, a new member of the picornavirus family associated with gastroenteritis in humans","volume":"38","author":"Yamashita","year":"2000","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Microbiology"},{"key":"S0950268809991671_ref023","first-page":"80","article-title":"Sewage water contamination of drinking water \u2013 outbreak of acute gastroenteritis in Pirkanmaa [in Finnish]","volume":"26","author":"Laine","year":"2008","journal-title":"Suomen sairaalahygienialehti"},{"key":"S0950268809991671_ref026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1820","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.32.7.1820-1822.1994","article-title":"Characterization of rotavirus strains from newborns in New Delhi, India","volume":"32","author":"Das","year":"1994","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Microbiology"},{"key":"S0950268809991671_ref003","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.02305-06"},{"key":"S0950268809991671_ref020","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1304.061501"},{"key":"S0950268809991671_ref021","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/521310"},{"key":"S0950268809991671_ref017","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00705-005-0706-7"},{"key":"S0950268809991671_ref031","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.1890370214"},{"key":"S0950268809991671_ref033","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.spid.2004.07.004"},{"key":"S0950268809991671_ref008","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/315590"},{"key":"S0950268809991671_ref035","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/341408"},{"key":"S0950268809991671_ref028","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0166-0934(99)00114-7"}],"container-title":["Epidemiology and Infection"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S0950268809991671","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,27]],"date-time":"2020-05-27T00:04:11Z","timestamp":1590537851000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S0950268809991671\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2010,1,22]]},"references-count":36,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,9]]}},"alternative-id":["S0950268809991671"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s0950268809991671","relation":{},"ISSN":["0950-2688","1469-4409"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0950-2688","type":"print"},{"value":"1469-4409","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2010,1,22]]}}}