{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,10]],"date-time":"2025-04-10T10:58:01Z","timestamp":1744282681940},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,5,18]],"date-time":"2010-05-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1274140800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Epidemiol. Infect."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>SUMMARY<\/jats:title><jats:p>We studied changes in species distribution and antimicrobial resistance patterns of<jats:italic>Shigella<\/jats:italic>during 1980\u20132008, using the Diarrhoeal Diseases Surveillance system of Dhaka Hospital of ICDDR,B. In hospitalized patients<jats:italic>Shigella<\/jats:italic>prevalence decreased steadily from 8\u201312% in the 1980s to 3% in 2008. Endemic<jats:italic>S. flexneri<\/jats:italic>was the most commonly isolated species (54%). Epidemic<jats:italic>S. dysenteriae<\/jats:italic>type 1 had two peaks in 1984 and 1993, but was not found after 2000, except for one case in 2004. The therapeutic options are now limited: in 2008 a total of 33% of<jats:italic>S. flexneri<\/jats:italic>were resistant to ciprofloxacin and 57% to mecillinam. In the &lt;5 years age group, severely underweight, wasted and stunted children were more at risk of shigellosis compared to well-nourished children (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>&lt;0\u00b7001). Although hospitalization for<jats:italic>Shigella<\/jats:italic>diarrhoea is decreasing, the high levels of antimicrobial resistance and increased susceptibility of malnourished children continue to pose an ongoing risk.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0950268810001093","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,5,18]],"date-time":"2010-05-18T08:50:12Z","timestamp":1274172612000},"page":"446-452","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":35,"title":["Changing species distribution and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of<i>Shigella<\/i>over a 29-year period (1980\u20132008)"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"139","author":[{"given":"F.","family":"KHATUN","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A. S. G.","family":"FARUQUE","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J. L.","family":"KOECK","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"P.","family":"OLLIARO","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"P.","family":"MILLET","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"N.","family":"PARIS","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M. A.","family":"MALEK","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M. A.","family":"SALAM","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"LUBY","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,5,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0950268810001093_ref024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"440","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.42.2.440","article-title":"Antimicrobial resistance in Shigella flexneri and Shigella sonnei, in Hong Kong, 1986 to 1995","volume":"42","author":"Chu","year":"1997","journal-title":"Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy"},{"key":"S0950268810001093_ref008","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/132.1.15"},{"key":"S0950268810001093_ref020","first-page":"445","article-title":"Shigellosis: report of a workshop","volume":"22","author":"Legros","year":"2004","journal-title":"Journal of Health, Population and Nutrition"},{"key":"S0950268810001093_ref017","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.316.7129.422"},{"key":"S0950268810001093_ref015","first-page":"901","article-title":"Synergistic impact of measles and diarrhoea on nutrition and mortality in Bangladesh","volume":"59","author":"Koster","year":"1981","journal-title":"Bulletin of the World Health Organization"},{"key":"S0950268810001093_ref013","first-page":"15","volume-title":"Improving Human Health through Biotechnology: programme and abstracts of the 11th Asian Conference on Diarrhoeal Diseases and Nutrition (11th ASCODD 2006), 8\u201310 March 2006","author":"Sack","year":"2006"},{"key":"S0950268810001093_ref023","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(03)12644-X"},{"key":"S0950268810001093_ref011","unstructured":"11. Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. Performance standards for antimicrobial susceptibility testing; 16th informational supplement. M100-S17. Wayne, PA: Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute, 2007."},{"key":"S0950268810001093_ref027","unstructured":"27. One World South Asia. Bangladesh has world's highest malnutrition rate. (http:\/\/southasia.oneworld.net\/todaysheadlines\/bangladesh-has-highest-rate-of-malnutrition-in-the-world). Accessed 24 November 2008."},{"key":"S0950268810001093_ref006","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0035-9203(86)90374-3"},{"key":"S0950268810001093_ref014","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1353\/dem.2005.0002"},{"key":"S0950268810001093_ref010","first-page":"362","volume-title":"Identification of Enterobacteriaceae","author":"Edwards","year":"1972"},{"key":"S0950268810001093_ref028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"799","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.73.6.799","article-title":"Effects of diarrhea associated with specific enteropathogens on the growth of children in rural Bangladesh","volume":"73","author":"Black","year":"1984","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"S0950268810001093_ref009","first-page":"121","article-title":"Changing patterns of serotypes and antimicrobial susceptibilities of Shigella species isolated from children in Calcutta, India","volume":"54","author":"Niyogi","year":"2001","journal-title":"Japanese Journal of Infectious Diseases"},{"key":"S0950268810001093_ref002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.0030353"},{"key":"S0950268810001093_ref025","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.38.10.2488"},{"key":"S0950268810001093_ref021","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(04)01143-0"},{"key":"S0950268810001093_ref005","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/clinids\/13.Supplement_4.S245"},{"key":"S0950268810001093_ref029","unstructured":"29. 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Accessed 24 November 2008."},{"key":"S0950268810001093_ref001","first-page":"651","article-title":"Global burden of Shigella infections: implications for vaccine development and implementation of control strategies","volume":"77","author":"Kotloff","year":"1999","journal-title":"Bulletin of the World Health Organization"},{"key":"S0950268810001093_ref026","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-126-9-199705010-00004"},{"key":"S0950268810001093_ref007","first-page":"739","article-title":"Estimating the burden of shigellosis in Thailand: 36-month population-based surveillance study","volume":"83","author":"Chompook","year":"2005","journal-title":"Bulletin of the World Health Organization"},{"key":"S0950268810001093_ref004","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/clinids\/13.Supplement_4.S319"},{"key":"S0950268810001093_ref016","first-page":"340","article-title":"Micronutrients and anaemia","volume":"26","author":"Jamil","year":"2008","journal-title":"Journal of Health, Population and Nutrition"},{"key":"S0950268810001093_ref022","first-page":"262","article-title":"Species distribution and antibiotic resistance of shigella isolates in an urban community in Malaysia","volume":"58","author":"Lee","year":"2003","journal-title":"Medical Journal of Malaysia"},{"key":"S0950268810001093_ref018","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(85)92756-4"}],"container-title":["Epidemiology and Infection"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S0950268810001093","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,1]],"date-time":"2023-06-01T06:18:31Z","timestamp":1685600311000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S0950268810001093\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2010,5,18]]},"references-count":29,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,3]]}},"alternative-id":["S0950268810001093"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s0950268810001093","relation":{},"ISSN":["0950-2688","1469-4409"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0950-2688","type":"print"},{"value":"1469-4409","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2010,5,18]]}}}