{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,29]],"date-time":"2024-06-29T16:12:38Z","timestamp":1719677558354},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,6,29]],"date-time":"2010-06-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1277769600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Epidemiol. Infect."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>SUMMARY<\/jats:title><jats:p>In summer 2008, we investigated an outbreak of diarrhoeal illness in participants of a mountain-bike event in Wales (UK) which had been affected by heavy rain. We conducted a retrospective cohort study to investigate the cause using an internet-based questionnaire. Fifty-three percent of those contacted responded, and 161 (46\u00b75%) out of the 347 responders, reported gastrointestinal symptoms. Median day of onset was 3 days following the event. Ten riders reported receiving a laboratory-confirmed diagnosis of<jats:italic>Campylobacter<\/jats:italic>. Multivariate logistic regression analysis identified the inadvertent ingestion of mud (OR 2\u00b75, 95% CI 1\u00b75\u20134\u00b72,<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>&lt;0\u00b7001) and eating \u2018other\u2019 food during the event (OR 2\u00b71, 95% CI 1\u00b72\u20133\u00b76,<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>=0\u00b701) as significant risk factors for illness. We concluded that the outbreak was caused by<jats:italic>Campylobacter<\/jats:italic>, spread to the riders by the inadvertent ingestion of mud which had been contaminated with sheep faeces from the rural course. Mountain-bike race organizers should consider microbiological hazards when risk-assessing potential race courses. The internet is an efficient tool for the investigation of outbreaks in computer-literate populations.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0950268810001561","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,6,29]],"date-time":"2010-06-29T14:11:18Z","timestamp":1277820678000},"page":"1704-1711","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Using the internet for rapid investigation of an outbreak of diarrhoeal illness in mountain bikers"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"138","author":[{"given":"S. L.","family":"GRIFFITHS","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"R. L.","family":"SALMON","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"B. W.","family":"MASON","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"C.","family":"ELLIOTT","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"D. Rh.","family":"THOMAS","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"C.","family":"DAVIES","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,6,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0950268810001561_ref010","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268803001250"},{"key":"S0950268810001561_ref018","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/ewjm.176.3.181"},{"key":"S0950268810001561_ref002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.csm.2007.04.003"},{"key":"S0950268810001561_ref011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"286","DOI":"10.1007\/s100960050278","article-title":"Outbreak of Escherichia coli O157 infection associated with a music festival","volume":"18","author":"Crampin","year":"1999","journal-title":"European Journal of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases"},{"key":"S0950268810001561_ref015","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268804002201"},{"key":"S0950268810001561_ref009","unstructured":"9. National Public Health Service for Wales. The investigation of an outbreak of diarrhoeal illness in participants of the Builth Wells Mountain Bike Marathon. Swansea: NPHS, 2008. (http:\/\/www.wales.nhs.uk\/sitesplus\/888\/news\/14690). Accessed 6 April 2010."},{"key":"S0950268810001561_ref006","unstructured":"6. Forestry Commission for Wales. Mountain bike trails, 2009 (http:\/\/www.forestry.gov.uk\/forestry\/INFD-6RLFD3). Accessed 14 April 2010."},{"key":"S0950268810001561_ref005","article-title":"Campylobacteriosis outbreak associated with ingestion of mud during a mountain bike race","author":"Stuart","journal-title":"Epidemiology and Infection"},{"key":"S0950268810001561_ref016","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1003.020607"},{"key":"S0950268810001561_ref013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.2807\/ese.13.17.18847-en","article-title":"Web-based questionnaires \u2013 a tool used in a Campylobacter outbreak investigation in Stockholm, Sweden, October 2007","volume":"13","author":"de Jong","year":"2008","journal-title":"Eurosurveillance"},{"key":"S0950268810001561_ref012","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1406.061513"},{"key":"S0950268810001561_ref003","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/340615"},{"key":"S0950268810001561_ref017","first-page":"380","article-title":"An outbreak of Campylobacter jejuni infection among conference delegates","volume":"27","author":"Raupach","year":"2003","journal-title":"Communicable Diseases Intelligence"},{"key":"S0950268810001561_ref001","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546505285385"},{"key":"S0950268810001561_ref007","volume-title":"Version 3","year":"2009"},{"key":"S0950268810001561_ref008","volume-title":"Stata Statistical Software. 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