{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T10:39:34Z","timestamp":1791196774812,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,7,12]],"date-time":"2010-07-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1278892800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Epidemiol. Infect."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>SUMMARY<\/jats:title><jats:p>In order to monitor epidemiological trends,<jats:italic>Cryptosporidium<\/jats:italic>-positive samples (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>=4509) from diarrhoeic patients were typed. Compared to the previous 4 years, the proportion of<jats:italic>Cryptosporidium hominis<\/jats:italic>cases in 2004\u20132006 increased to 57\u00b73%, while 38\u00b75% were<jats:italic>C. parvum<\/jats:italic>. The remaining 4\u00b72% cases included mixed<jats:italic>C. parvum<\/jats:italic>and<jats:italic>C. hominis<\/jats:italic>infections,<jats:italic>C. meleagridis<\/jats:italic>,<jats:italic>C. felis<\/jats:italic>,<jats:italic>C. ubiquitum<\/jats:italic>and a novel genotype. When the typing results were combined with enhanced surveillance data to monitor risk exposures,<jats:italic>C. hominis<\/jats:italic>was linked to urban dwelling, previous diarrhoea in the household, any travel especially abroad, and using a swimming or paddling pool.<jats:italic>C. parvum<\/jats:italic>was linked to having a private water supply, contact with surface water, visiting or living on a farm, and contact with farm animal faeces. The proportion of laboratory-confirmed indigenous cases acquired from direct contact with farm animals was estimated to be 25% for<jats:italic>C. parvum<\/jats:italic>and 10% of all reported<jats:italic>Cryptosporidium<\/jats:italic>cases.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0950268810001688","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,7,12]],"date-time":"2010-07-12T13:04:18Z","timestamp":1278939858000},"page":"700-712","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":107,"title":["Epidemiology of anthroponotic and zoonotic human cryptosporidiosis in England and Wales, 2004\u20132006"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"139","author":[{"given":"R. M.","family":"CHALMERS","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R.","family":"SMITH","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K.","family":"ELWIN","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"F. A.","family":"CLIFTON-HADLEY","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"GILES","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,7,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0950268810001688_ref008","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-1097(97)00115-8"},{"key":"S0950268810001688_ref004","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1301.060481"},{"key":"S0950268810001688_ref002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2807\/ese.14.02.19086-en"},{"key":"S0950268810001688_ref001","unstructured":"1. Health Protection Agency (HPA). Epidemiological Data (http:\/\/www.hpa.org.uk\/Topics\/InfectiousDiseases\/InfectionsAZ\/Cryptosporidium\/EpidemiologicalData\/cryptoallcases19892008\/). Accessed 8 April 2010."},{"key":"S0950268810001688_ref003","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1007.030582"},{"key":"S0950268810001688_ref011","first-page":"26","article-title":"CoSurv: a regional computing strategy for communicable disease surveillance","volume":"13","author":"Henry","year":"1996","journal-title":"PHLS Microbiology Digest"},{"key":"S0950268810001688_ref035","first-page":"1005","article-title":"Risk factors for sporadic cryptosporidiosis in North Cumbria, North West of England 1996 to 2000","volume":"9","author":"Goh","year":"2004","journal-title":"Emerging Infectious Diseases"},{"key":"S0950268810001688_ref006","article-title":"Zoonotic cryptosporidiosis in the UK","author":"Chalmers","journal-title":"Journal for Applied Microbiology"},{"key":"S0950268810001688_ref024","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1863-2378.2008.01178.x"},{"key":"S0950268810001688_ref005","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prevetmed.2009.12.005"},{"key":"S0950268810001688_ref014","unstructured":"14. Office for National Statistics (ONS). Rural\/urban definition and LA classification (http:\/\/www.statistics.gov.uk\/geography\/nrudp.asp#products). Accessed 8 April 2010."},{"key":"S0950268810001688_ref028","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268808000769"},{"key":"S0950268810001688_ref007","first-page":"R93","article-title":"Food poisoning: notifications, laboratory reports, and outbreaks \u2013 where do the statistics come from and what do they mean?","volume":"6","author":"Wall","year":"1996","journal-title":"Communicable Disease Report"},{"key":"S0950268810001688_ref019","article-title":"Surveillance of waterborne disease in England and Wales: summary of 2005","volume":"16","year":"2006","journal-title":"Communicable Disease Report"},{"key":"S0950268810001688_ref030","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10654-007-9179-1"},{"key":"S0950268810001688_ref027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.2807\/ese.14.08.19128-en","article-title":"Epidemiology of human cryptosporidiosis in Ireland, 2004\u20132006: analysis of national notification data","volume":"14","author":"Garvey","year":"2009","journal-title":"Eurosurveillance"},{"key":"S0950268810001688_ref018","article-title":"Surveillance of waterborne disease outbreaks summary of 2004","volume":"16","year":"2006","journal-title":"Communicable Disease Report"},{"key":"S0950268810001688_ref017","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2166\/wh.2009.184"},{"key":"S0950268810001688_ref015","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268807008503"},{"key":"S0950268810001688_ref020","unstructured":"20. Lidington I , Cryptosporidium outbreak in travellers returning to South West London, Autumn 2005, with subsequent contamination of public swimming pools and community spread. Abstract Health Protection Conference, Warwick, September 2006."},{"key":"S0950268810001688_ref009","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.66.12.5492-5498.2000"},{"key":"S0950268810001688_ref010","unstructured":"10. National Institutes of Health. National Center for Biotechnology Information. GenBank database (http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/genbank\/). Accessed 8 April 2010."},{"key":"S0950268810001688_ref013","unstructured":"13. Office for National Statistics (ONS). Neighbourhood statistics (http:\/\/www.neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk\/dissemination\/). Accessed 8 April 2010."},{"key":"S0950268810001688_ref016","article-title":"An outbreak of cryptosporidiosis in Wales, November 2005","volume":"10","author":"Carnicer-Pont","year":"2005","journal-title":"Eurosurveillance"},{"key":"S0950268810001688_ref021","unstructured":"21. Davison H .Report on an outbreak of cryptosporidiosis associated with a swimming pool complex (dissertation). Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, Manchester, England, UK: University of Manchester, 2007."},{"key":"S0950268810001688_ref022","article-title":"Infectious intestinal disease associated with farm visits","volume":"18","year":"2005","journal-title":"Communicable Disease Report"},{"key":"S0950268810001688_ref032","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1410.071273"},{"key":"S0950268810001688_ref023","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2166\/wh.2008.060"},{"key":"S0950268810001688_ref025","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1304.060890"},{"key":"S0950268810001688_ref029","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268805004772"},{"key":"S0950268810001688_ref026","article-title":"Spatial and temporal epidemiology of sporadic human cryptosporidiosis in Scotland","author":"Pollock","year":"2009","journal-title":"Zoonoses and Public Health"},{"key":"S0950268810001688_ref034","unstructured":"34. Anon. Review of outbreaks of cryptosporidiosis in swimming pools. Final report to DEFRA: Drinking Water Inspectorate 2000 project number DWI 70\/2\/131. (http:\/\/www.dwi.gov.uk\/research\/reports\/DWI70_2_131_swimming%20pools.pdf). Accessed 23 April 2010."},{"key":"S0950268810001688_ref012","first-page":"114","article-title":"Laboratory ascertainment of Cryptosporidium and local authority public health policies for the investigation of sporadic cases of cryptosporidiosis in two regions of the United Kingdom","volume":"5","author":"Chalmers","year":"2002","journal-title":"Communicable Disease and Public Health"},{"key":"S0950268810001688_ref036","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1999.60.157"},{"key":"S0950268810001688_ref031","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2009.02.003"},{"key":"S0950268810001688_ref037","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268899003970"},{"key":"S0950268810001688_ref033","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1403.071320"}],"container-title":["Epidemiology and Infection"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S0950268810001688","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,31]],"date-time":"2021-10-31T08:25:09Z","timestamp":1635668709000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S0950268810001688\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2010,7,12]]},"references-count":37,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,5]]}},"alternative-id":["S0950268810001688"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s0950268810001688","relation":{},"ISSN":["0950-2688","1469-4409"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0950-2688","type":"print"},{"value":"1469-4409","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2010,7,12]]}}}