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Risk factors for the isolation of multidrug-resistant (MDR) or non-MDR <jats:italic>P. aeruginosa<\/jats:italic> in blood cultures were identified by a case-case-control study, and a cohort study evaluated the clinical outcomes of such infections. We identified 106 patients with <jats:italic>P. aeruginosa<\/jats:italic> BSI over the 2-year study period; 40 cases with MDR <jats:italic>P. aeruginosa<\/jats:italic> and 66 cases with non-MDR <jats:italic>P. aeruginosa<\/jats:italic> were compared to 212 controls. Independent risk factors for the isolation of MDR <jats:italic>P. aeruginosa<\/jats:italic> were: presence of central venous catheter (CVC), previous antibiotic therapy, and corticosteroid therapy. Independent risk factors for non-MDR <jats:italic>P. aeruginosa<\/jats:italic> were: previous BSI, neutrophil count &lt;500\/mm<jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>, urinary catheterization, and presence of CVC. The 21-day mortality rate of all patients was 33\u00b79%. The variables independently associated with 21-day mortality were presentation with septic shock, infection due to MDR <jats:italic>P. aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>, and inadequate initial antimicrobial therapy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0950268810003055","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,1,13]],"date-time":"2011-01-13T14:04:51Z","timestamp":1294927491000},"page":"1740-1749","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":104,"title":["Multidrug-resistant <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa<\/i> bloodstream infections: risk factors and mortality"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"139","author":[{"given":"M.","family":"TUMBARELLO","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"E.","family":"REPETTO","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"E. 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