{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,16]],"date-time":"2026-07-16T09:37:55Z","timestamp":1784194675627,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,5,18]],"date-time":"2011-05-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1305676800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Epidemiol. Infect."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>SUMMARY<\/jats:title><jats:p>An increase in invasive<jats:italic>Haemophilus influenzae<\/jats:italic>type b (Hib) cases occurred in Minnesota in 2008 after the recommended deferral of the 12\u201315 months Hib vaccine boosters during a US vaccine shortage. Five invasive Hib cases (one death) occurred in children; four had incomplete Hib vaccination (three refused\/delayed); one was immunodeficient. Subsequently, we evaluated Hib carriage and vaccination. From 18 clinics near Hib cases, children (aged 4 weeks\u201360 months) were surveyed for pharyngeal Hib carriage. Records were compared for Hib, diphtheria-tetanus-acellular pertussis (DTaP), and pneumococcal (PCV-7) vaccination. Parents completed questionnaires on carriage risk factors and vaccination beliefs. In 1631 children (February\u2013March 2009), no Hib carriage was detected; Hib vaccination was less likely to be completed than DTaP and PCV-7. Non-type b<jats:italic>H. influenzae<\/jats:italic>, detected in 245 (15%) children, was associated with: male sex, age 24\u201360 months, daycare attendance &gt;15 h\/week, a household smoker, and Asian\/Pacific Islander race\/ethnicity. In 2009, invasive Hib disease occurred in two children caused by the same strain that circulated in 2008. Hib remains a risk for vulnerable\/unvaccinated children, although Hib carriage is not widespread in young children.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0950268811000793","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,5,18]],"date-time":"2011-05-18T08:33:08Z","timestamp":1305707588000},"page":"566-574","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["<i>Haemophilus influenzae<\/i>type b infection, vaccination, and<i>H. influenzae<\/i>carriage in children in Minnesota, 2008\u20132009"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"140","author":[{"given":"S. A.","family":"LOWTHER","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"N.","family":"SHINODA","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"B. 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