{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T21:55:24Z","timestamp":1790200524002,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,5,31]],"date-time":"2011-05-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1306800000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Epidemiol. Infect."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>SUMMARY<\/jats:title><jats:p>We analysed the data from the control group in a typhoid vaccine trial in Karachi to assess the differences in individual-, household- and cluster-level characteristics for developing typhoid fever. The annual incidence of typhoid in children aged 2\u201316 years in the control arm of the vaccine trial was 151\/100 000 population. After adjustment, the risk of typhoid was lower with increasing age [risk ratio (RR) 0\u00b789, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0\u00b783\u20130\u00b795], was higher with an increase in population density (RR 1\u00b713, 95% CI 1\u00b705\u20131\u00b721) and was lower in the households using a safe drinking-water source (RR 0\u00b763, 95% CI 0\u00b741\u20130\u00b799). Typhoid fever affects younger children living in areas of high population density and lack of access to safe water in Pakistan. A combination of environmental and biological interventions is required to prevent the continued epidemiological and economic impact of typhoid fever in high-risk areas of Pakistan.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0950268811000938","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,5,31]],"date-time":"2011-05-31T13:03:08Z","timestamp":1306846988000},"page":"665-672","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Risk factors associated with typhoid fever in children aged 2\u201316 years in Karachi, Pakistan"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"140","author":[{"given":"M. I.","family":"KHAN","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R. L.","family":"OCHIAI","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S. 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