{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T09:54:39Z","timestamp":1789984479094,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,9,12]],"date-time":"2011-09-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1315785600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Epidemiol. Infect."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>SUMMARY<\/jats:title><jats:p>The effectiveness of influenza vaccination programmes is seldom known during an epidemic. We developed an internet-based system to record influenza-like symptoms and response to infection in a participating cohort. Using self-reports of influenza-like symptoms and of influenza vaccine history and uptake, we estimated vaccine effectiveness (VE) without the need for individuals to seek healthcare. We found that vaccination with the 2010 seasonal influenza vaccine was significantly protective against influenza-like illness (ILI) during the 2010\u20132011 influenza season (VE 52%, 95% CI 27\u201368). VE for individuals who received both the 2010 seasonal and 2009 pandemic influenza vaccines was 59% (95% CI 27\u201377), slightly higher than VE for those vaccinated in 2010 alone (VE 46%, 95% CI 9\u201368). Vaccinated individuals with ILI reported taking less time off work than unvaccinated individuals with ILI (3\u00b74 days<jats:italic>vs<\/jats:italic>. 5\u00b73 days,<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>&lt;0\u00b7001).<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0950268811001804","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,9,12]],"date-time":"2011-09-12T12:21:21Z","timestamp":1315830081000},"page":"1309-1315","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Rapid assessment of influenza vaccine effectiveness: analysis of an internet-based cohort"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"140","author":[{"given":"K. T. D.","family":"EAMES","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"E.","family":"BROOKS-POLLOCK","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D.","family":"PAOLOTTI","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"PEROSA","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C.","family":"GIOANNINI","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"W. J.","family":"EDMUNDS","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,9,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0950268811001804_ref003","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0005079"},{"key":"S0950268811001804_ref012","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2009.05.042"},{"key":"S0950268811001804_ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.2807\/ese.15.18.19561-en","article-title":"Pandemic influenza A(H1N1) 2009 breakthrough infections and estimates of vaccine effectiveness in Germany 2009\u20132010","volume":"15","author":"Wichmann","year":"2010","journal-title":"Eurosurveillance"},{"key":"S0950268811001804_ref007","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.c7297"},{"key":"S0950268811001804_ref014","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwh090"},{"key":"S0950268811001804_ref004","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2006.10.002"},{"key":"S0950268811001804_ref020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.2807\/ese.16.11.19818-en","article-title":"Early estimates of seasonal influenza vaccine effectiveness in Europe, 2010\/11: I-MOVE, a multicentre case-control study","volume":"16","author":"Kissling","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eurosurveillance"},{"key":"S0950268811001804_ref010","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-11-68"},{"key":"S0950268811001804_ref008","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2010.01.054"},{"key":"S0950268811001804_ref001","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/22.4.742"},{"key":"S0950268811001804_ref013","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwg074"},{"key":"S0950268811001804_ref016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1080\/10618600.1996.10474713","article-title":"R: A language for data analysis and graphics","volume":"5","author":"Ihaka","year":"1996","journal-title":"Journal of Computational and Graphical Statistics"},{"key":"S0950268811001804_ref019","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.284.13.1655"},{"key":"S0950268811001804_ref002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2010.09.010"},{"key":"S0950268811001804_ref021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.2807\/ese.16.11.19820-en","article-title":"Effectiveness of the 2010\/11 seasonal trivalent influenza vaccine in Spain: preliminary results of a case-control study","volume":"16","author":"Savulescu","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eurosurveillance"},{"key":"S0950268811001804_ref018","unstructured":"18. HPA. HPA weekly national influenza report (http:\/\/www.hpa.org.uk\/web\/HPAweb&HPAwebStandard\/HPAweb_C\/1287147913271). Accessed 8 March 2011."},{"key":"S0950268811001804_ref009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.2807\/ese.16.06.19791-en","article-title":"Effectiveness of seasonal 2010\/2011 and pandemic influenza A(H1N1)2009 vaccines in preventing influenza infection in the United Kingdom: mid-season analysis 2010\/11","volume":"16","author":"Pebody","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eurosurveillance"},{"key":"S0950268811001804_ref011","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-10-650"},{"key":"S0950268811001804_ref015","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.280.19.1690"},{"key":"S0950268811001804_ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.2807\/ese.16.02.19763-en","article-title":"Effectiveness of pandemic and seasonal influenza vaccine in preventing pandemic influenza A(H1N1)2009 infection in England and Scotland 2009\u20132010","volume":"16","author":"Hardelid","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eurosurveillance"},{"key":"S0950268811001804_ref017","unstructured":"17. StataCorp. Stata statistical software: release 11. College Station, TX: StataCorp LP, 2009."}],"container-title":["Epidemiology and Infection"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S0950268811001804","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,10]],"date-time":"2025-03-10T15:44:42Z","timestamp":1741621482000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S0950268811001804\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2011,9,12]]},"references-count":21,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,7]]}},"alternative-id":["S0950268811001804"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s0950268811001804","relation":{},"ISSN":["0950-2688","1469-4409"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0950-2688","type":"print"},{"value":"1469-4409","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2011,9,12]]}}}