{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,8]],"date-time":"2026-04-08T02:45:58Z","timestamp":1775616358032,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,9,27]],"date-time":"2011-09-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1317081600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Epidemiol. Infect."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>SUMMARY<\/jats:title><jats:p>In sub-Saharan Africa, many nomadic pastoralists have begun to settle in permanent communities as a result of long-term water, food, and civil insecurity. Little is known about the epidemiology of cholera in these emerging semi-nomadic populations. We report the results of a case-control study conducted during a cholera outbreak among semi-nomadic pastoralists in the Karamoja sub-region of northeastern Uganda in 2010. Data from 99 cases and 99 controls were analysed. In multivariate analyses, risk factors identified were: residing in the same household as another cholera case [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 6\u00b767, 95% confidence interval (CI) 2\u00b783\u201315\u00b770], eating roadside food (aOR 2\u00b791, 95% CI 1\u00b724\u20136\u00b781), not disposing of children's faeces in a latrine (aOR 15\u00b776, 95% CI 1\u00b754\u2013161\u00b725), not treating drinking water with chlorine (aOR 3\u00b786, 95% CI 1\u00b763\u20139\u00b714), female gender (aOR 2\u00b743, 95% CI 1\u00b709\u20135\u00b743), and childhood age (10\u201317 years) (aOR 7\u00b714, 95% CI 1\u00b797\u201325\u00b783). This is the first epidemiological study of cholera reported from a setting of semi-nomadic pastoralism in sub-Saharan Africa. Public health interventions among semi-nomadic pastoralists should include a two-faceted approach to cholera prevention: intensive health education programmes to address behaviours inherited from insecure nomadic lifestyles, as well as improvements in water and sanitation infrastructure. The utilization of community-based village health teams provides an important method of implementing such activities.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0950268811001956","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,9,27]],"date-time":"2011-09-27T10:43:03Z","timestamp":1317120183000},"page":"1376-1385","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":42,"title":["A cholera outbreak among semi-nomadic pastoralists in northeastern Uganda: epidemiology and interventions"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"140","author":[{"given":"M. J.","family":"CUMMINGS","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J. F.","family":"WAMALA","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"EYURA","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"MALIMBO","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M. E.","family":"OMEKE","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"D.","family":"MAYER","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"L.","family":"LUKWAGO","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,9,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0950268811001956_ref003","unstructured":"3. Stites E , Angering Akuju: survival and suffering in Karamoja. Boston MA, USA: Tufts University Feinstein International Center 2007 (https:\/\/wikis.uit.tufts.edu\/confluence\/display\/FIC\/Angering+Akuju). Accessed 26 July 2010."},{"key":"S0950268811001956_ref001","first-page":"293","article-title":"Cholera: global surveillance summary, 2009","volume":"85","year":"2010","journal-title":"Weekly Epidemiological Record"},{"key":"S0950268811001956_ref013","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00143997"},{"key":"S0950268811001956_ref006","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa043323"},{"key":"S0950268811001956_ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"705","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2007.77.705","article-title":"Cholera: a new homeland in Africa?","volume":"77","author":"Gaffga","year":"2007","journal-title":"American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene"},{"key":"S0950268811001956_ref007","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.2004.071316"},{"key":"S0950268811001956_ref009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"414","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2008.79.414","article-title":"Spatial analysis of risk factor for cholera outbreak for 2003\u20132004 in a peri-urban area of Lusaka, Zambia","volume":"79","author":"Sasaki","year":"2008","journal-title":"American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene"},{"key":"S0950268811001956_ref010","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2002.66.584"},{"key":"S0950268811001956_ref015","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/tropej\/41.3.139"},{"key":"S0950268811001956_ref014","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a113498"},{"key":"S0950268811001956_ref008","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/644779"},{"key":"S0950268811001956_ref005","first-page":"1","volume-title":"As Pastoralists Settle","author":"Nathan","year":"2006"},{"key":"S0950268811001956_ref004","unstructured":"4. Stites E , Akabwai D . Changing roles, shifting risks: livelihood impacts of disarmament in Karamoja, Uganda. Boston, MA, USA: Tufts University Feinstein International Center 2007 (https:\/\/wikis.uit.tufts.edu\/confluence\/display\/FIC\/Changing+Roles%2C+Shifting+Risks). Accessed 26 July 2010."},{"key":"S0950268811001956_ref012","first-page":"745","article-title":"Cholera in metropolitan Manila: foodborne transmission via street vendors","volume":"72","author":"Lim-Quizon","year":"1994","journal-title":"Bulletin of the World Health Organization"},{"key":"S0950268811001956_ref011","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid0104.950408"},{"key":"S0950268811001956_ref016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"640","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2009.80.640","article-title":"Cholera outbreak in Kenyan refugee camp: risk factors for illness and importance of sanitation","volume":"80","author":"Shultz","year":"2009","journal-title":"American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene"}],"container-title":["Epidemiology and Infection"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S0950268811001956","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,25]],"date-time":"2019-04-25T19:18:33Z","timestamp":1556219913000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S0950268811001956\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2011,9,27]]},"references-count":16,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,8]]}},"alternative-id":["S0950268811001956"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s0950268811001956","relation":{},"ISSN":["0950-2688","1469-4409"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0950-2688","type":"print"},{"value":"1469-4409","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2011,9,27]]}}}