{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,21]],"date-time":"2026-05-21T02:51:54Z","timestamp":1779331914951,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":13,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,5,10]],"date-time":"2012-05-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1336608000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Epidemiol. Infect."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>SUMMARY<\/jats:title><jats:p>Historically, <jats:italic>Shigella sonnei<\/jats:italic> has dominated other <jats:italic>Shigella<\/jats:italic> species infection in men who have sex with men (MSM) in Montr\u00e9al. In early 2010, Toronto reported increased proportions of the more pathogenic <jats:italic>S. flexneri<\/jats:italic>, HIV co-infection and MSM in shigellosis cases since 2009. Analytical methods were used to assess whether <jats:italic>S. flexneri<\/jats:italic> had dominated Montr\u00e9al's MSM cases since 2009 and whether changes had occurred in notifications in MSM and HIV-co-infected MSM. <jats:italic>S. flexneri<\/jats:italic> increased by 6\u00b77% per month since 2007 and predominated in MSM since 2009 without changes in HIV co-infection or similar shifts in the general population. The results suggest that the surveillance of <jats:italic>Shigella<\/jats:italic> species in order to detect species shifts is beneficial for surveillance, given the potential for increased transmission and severity of <jats:italic>S. flexneri<\/jats:italic> in HIV-positive MSM.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0950268812000738","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,4,23]],"date-time":"2012-04-23T08:32:37Z","timestamp":1335169957000},"page":"2082-2086","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Shifting dominance of <i>Shigella<\/i> species in men who have sex with men"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"140","author":[{"given":"R.","family":"RATNAYAKE","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"R.","family":"ALLARD","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"P. A.","family":"PILON","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,5,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0950268812000738_ref007","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/30141214"},{"key":"S0950268812000738_ref006","unstructured":"6. ProMED-mail database. Shigellosis, changing epidemiology \u2013 Canada: (Ontario) request for information. ProMED-mail 2010; 16 February, 20100216.0548 (http:\/\/www.promedmail.org). Accessed 16 February 2010."},{"key":"S0950268812000738_ref011","first-page":"40","article-title":"Outbreak of UK acquired Shigella flexneri in men who have sex with men","volume":"5","year":"2011","journal-title":"Health Protection Report"},{"key":"S0950268812000738_ref003","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/386326"},{"key":"S0950268812000738_ref009","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/510593"},{"key":"S0950268812000738_ref002","first-page":"190","volume-title":"Mechanisms of Microbial Disease","author":"Keusch","year":"1998"},{"key":"S0950268812000738_ref005","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/510591"},{"key":"S0950268812000738_ref013","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1709.102034"},{"key":"S0950268812000738_ref012","unstructured":"12. Vancouver Coastal Health. Increase in infections caused by Shigella flexneri in Vancouver. Physicians Update, January 2009."},{"key":"S0950268812000738_ref008","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/0471722146"},{"key":"S0950268812000738_ref004","unstructured":"4. Hannah H , Allard R .Report on the outbreaks of Shigella sonnei infections: Montr\u00e9al and Qu\u00e9bec, 5 August 2007 to 26 January 2008, Montr\u00e9al, QC, Canada [in French]. Agence de la sant\u00e9 et des services sociaux de Montr\u00e9al, Direction de sant\u00e9 publique, Secteur vigie et protection, 2008."},{"key":"S0950268812000738_ref001","unstructured":"1. World Health Organization. Guidelines for the control of shigellosis, including epidemics due to Shigella dysenteriae 1. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization, 2005."},{"key":"S0950268812000738_ref010","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.78.11.1432"}],"container-title":["Epidemiology and Infection"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S0950268812000738","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,24]],"date-time":"2019-04-24T22:08:49Z","timestamp":1556143729000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S0950268812000738\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012,5,10]]},"references-count":13,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,11]]}},"alternative-id":["S0950268812000738"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s0950268812000738","relation":{},"ISSN":["0950-2688","1469-4409"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0950-2688","type":"print"},{"value":"1469-4409","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2012,5,10]]}}}