{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T00:16:02Z","timestamp":1790727362406,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,5,25]],"date-time":"2012-05-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1337904000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Epidemiol. Infect."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>SUMMARY<\/jats:title><jats:p>Throughout December 2010 and January 2011, Queensland experienced widespread flooding due to unusually protracted and heavy rainfalls. In mid-January 2011, four individuals from a small community in Central Queensland were hospitalized with leptospirosis. A further five cases were subsequently identified from around Central Queensland, bringing the total to nine. Microscopic agglutination testing found that serovar Arborea (<jats:italic>Leptospira borgpetersenii<\/jats:italic> serovar Arborea) was presumptively responsible for leptospirosis in seven of nine confirmed cases. Serovars Hardjo and Australis were identified in samples from two remaining cases. All cases had exposure to flood water. No single exposure source was identified. This is the first reported outbreak of leptospirosis in Central Queensland and the first report of leptospirosis cases associated with flood water inundation in Queensland. Public health authorities should continue to promote awareness of leptospirosis in flood-affected populations. Healthcare providers must maintain a high level of suspicion for leptospirosis during and after flood events.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0950268812001021","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,5,25]],"date-time":"2012-05-25T06:32:25Z","timestamp":1337927545000},"page":"585-590","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":59,"title":["Leptospirosis following a major flood in Central Queensland, Australia"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"141","author":[{"given":"J. K. G.","family":"SMITH","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M. M.","family":"YOUNG","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K. L.","family":"WILSON","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S. B.","family":"CRAIG","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,5,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0950268812001021_ref5","volume-title":"Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases","author":"Levett","year":"2010"},{"key":"S0950268812001021_ref19","unstructured":"Queensland Government. Leptospirosis surveillance reports (http:\/\/www.health.qld.gov.au\/qhcss\/lep_rep.asp). Accessed 28 July 2011."},{"key":"S0950268812001021_ref6","first-page":"45","article-title":"Leptospirosis: an emerging public health problem","volume":"86","year":"2011","journal-title":"Weekly Epidemiological Record"},{"key":"S0950268812001021_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/314424"},{"key":"S0950268812001021_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0019-5359.48454"},{"key":"S0950268812001021_ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cimid.2007.05.003"},{"key":"S0950268812001021_ref20","unstructured":"Queensland Government. Queensland Health Forensic and Scientific Services. WHO\/FAO\/OIE Collaborating Centre for Reference & Research on Leptospirosis. National leptospirosis surveillance report number 16. Brisbane: The State of Queensland (Queensland Health), 2007."},{"key":"S0950268812001021_ref22","unstructured":"Queensland Government. Statewide weekly communicable diseases surveillance report: 4 April 2011. Brisbane: The State of Queensland (Queensland Health), 2011."},{"key":"S0950268812001021_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trstmh.2010.07.002"},{"key":"S0950268812001021_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/9780470755129"},{"key":"S0950268812001021_ref11","first-page":"1","article-title":"Leptospirosis: a worldwide resurgent zoonosis and important cause of acute renal failure and death in developing nations","volume":"19","author":"Cruz","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ethnicity and Disease"},{"key":"S0950268812001021_ref25","unstructured":"Queensland Government. Queensland Health Forensic and Scientific Services. WHO\/FAO\/OIE Collaborating Centre for Reference & Research on Leptospirosis. National leptospirosis surveillance report number 18. Brisbane: The State of Queensland (Queensland Health), 2009."},{"key":"S0950268812001021_ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268806006352"},{"key":"S0950268812001021_ref30","first-page":"495","article-title":"Leptospirosis","volume":"39","author":"Slack","year":"2010","journal-title":"Australian Family Physician"},{"key":"S0950268812001021_ref23","volume-title":"Control of Communicable Diseases Manual","author":"Heymann","year":"2008"},{"key":"S0950268812001021_ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD007342.pub2"},{"key":"S0950268812001021_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.234.4.472"},{"key":"S0950268812001021_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00001432-200110000-00005"},{"key":"S0950268812001021_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.qco.0000178824.05715.2c"},{"key":"S0950268812001021_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"957","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2008.78.957","article-title":"Seroprevalence of leptospirosis and risk factor analysis in flood-prone rural areas in Lao PDR","volume":"78","author":"Kawaguchi","year":"2008","journal-title":"American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene"},{"key":"S0950268812001021_ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268803001201"},{"key":"S0950268812001021_ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"882","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2007.76.882","article-title":"Leptospirosis on Oahu: an outbreak associated with flooding of a university campus","volume":"76","author":"Gaynor","year":"2007","journal-title":"American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene"},{"key":"S0950268812001021_ref18","unstructured":"Queensland Government. Office of Economic and Statistical Research. Queensland Regional Profiles: Rockhampton region. Brisbane: The State of Queensland (Queensland Treasury), 2010."},{"key":"S0950268812001021_ref24","article-title":"Haemoglobin and red cell counts in leptospirosis patients infected with different serovars","author":"Craig","journal-title":"Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical"},{"key":"S0950268812001021_ref26","unstructured":"Queensland Government. WHO\/FAO\/OIE Collaborating Centre for Reference & Research on Leptospirosis (http:\/\/www.health.qld.gov.au\/qhcss\/qhss\/lepto\/documents\/arborea.pdf). Accessed 14 February 2011."},{"key":"S0950268812001021_ref28","unstructured":"Queensland Government. WHO\/FAO\/OIE Collaborating Centre for Reference & Research on Leptospirosis (http:\/\/www.health.qld.gov.au\/qhcss\/qhss\/lepto\/documents\/hardjo.pdf). Accessed 14 February 2011."},{"key":"S0950268812001021_ref29","unstructured":"Queensland Government. Queensland Health fact sheet: Leptospirosis (http:\/\/access.health.qld.gov.au\/hid\/InfectionsandParasites\/BacterialInfections\/leptospirosis_fs.pdf). Accessed 14 February 2011."},{"key":"S0950268812001021_ref3","unstructured":"Queensland Government. Communicable disease control manual: Leptospirosis. Brisbane: The State of Queensland (Queensland Health), 2010."},{"key":"S0950268812001021_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2008.06.007"},{"key":"S0950268812001021_ref27","unstructured":"Queensland Government. WHO\/FAO\/OIE Collaborating Centre for Reference & Research on Leptospirosis (http:\/\/www.health.qld.gov.au\/qhcss\/qhss\/lepto\/documents\/australis.pdf). Accessed 14 February 2011."},{"key":"S0950268812001021_ref17","unstructured":"Australian Government. National Climate Centre, Bureau of Meteorology (http:\/\/www.bom.gov.au\/climate\/current\/statements\/scs24b.pdf). 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