{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,7]],"date-time":"2026-11-07T10:42:10Z","timestamp":1794048130614,"version":"4.8.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,8,9]],"date-time":"2012-08-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1344470400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/2.5\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Epidemiol. Infect."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>SUMMARY<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Global climate change is expected to affect the frequency, intensity and duration of extreme water-related weather events such as excessive precipitation, floods, and drought. We conducted a systematic review to examine waterborne outbreaks following such events and explored their distribution between the different types of extreme water-related weather events. Four medical and meteorological databases (Medline, Embase, GeoRef, PubMed) and a global electronic reporting system (ProMED) were searched, from 1910 to 2010. Eighty-seven waterborne outbreaks involving extreme water-related weather events were identified and included, alongside 235 ProMED reports. Heavy rainfall and flooding were the most common events preceding outbreaks associated with extreme weather and were reported in 55\u00b72% and 52\u00b79% of accounts, respectively. The most common pathogens reported in these outbreaks were\n                    <jats:italic>Vibrio<\/jats:italic>\n                    spp. (21\u00b76%) and\n                    <jats:italic>Leptospira<\/jats:italic>\n                    spp. (12\u00b77%). Outbreaks following extreme water-related weather events were often the result of contamination of the drinking-water supply (53\u00b77%). Differences in reporting of outbreaks were seen between the scientific literature and ProMED. Extreme water-related weather events represent a risk to public health in both developed and developing countries, but impact will be disproportionate and likely to compound existing health disparities.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0950268812001653","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,8,9]],"date-time":"2012-08-09T10:22:27Z","timestamp":1344507747000},"page":"671-686","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":419,"title":["Extreme water-related weather events and waterborne disease"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"141","author":[{"given":"K. F.","family":"CANN","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D. Rh.","family":"THOMAS","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R. L.","family":"SALMON","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A. P.","family":"WYN-JONES","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D.","family":"KAY","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,8,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0950268812001653_ref40","first-page":"43","volume-title":"Water Quality: Guidelines, Standards and Health","author":"Pr\u00fcss","year":"2001"},{"key":"S0950268812001653_ref39","volume-title":"Mapping Vulnerability: Disasters, Development and People","author":"Pulwarty","year":"2003"},{"key":"S0950268812001653_ref37","volume-title":"Agendas, Alternatives and Public Policies","author":"Kingdon","year":"1995"},{"key":"S0950268812001653_ref36","unstructured":"Salick J , Byg A . Indigenous peoples and climate change. Oxford: Tyndall Centre for Climate Change Research, 2007 (http:\/\/www.ecdgroup.com\/docs\/lib_004630823.pdf). Accessed 25 June 2012."},{"key":"S0950268812001653_ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.15.4.757-770.2002"},{"key":"S0950268812001653_ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1539-6924.2010.01499.x"},{"key":"S0950268812001653_ref28","first-page":"2S62","article-title":"Magnitude of rainfall on viral contamination of the marine environment during gastroenteritis epidemics in human coastal population [in French]","volume":"48","author":"Miossec","year":"2000","journal-title":"Revue Epidemiologie Sant\u00e9 Publique"},{"key":"S0950268812001653_ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.99.1.e5"},{"key":"S0950268812001653_ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2166\/wst.2005.0107"},{"key":"S0950268812001653_ref21","unstructured":"Parry ML , (eds). Contribution of Working Group II to the fourth assessment report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, 2007. IPCC. Cambridge University Press: Cambridge, UK (http:\/\/www.ipcc.ch\/publications_and_data\/ar4\/wg2\/en\/contents.html). Accessed 25 June 2012."},{"key":"S0950268812001653_ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"973","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2006.75.973","article-title":"Review of reported cholera outbreaks worldwide, 1995\u20132005","volume":"75","author":"Griffith","year":"2006","journal-title":"American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene"},{"key":"S0950268812001653_ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1209.060500"},{"key":"S0950268812001653_ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1973.22.33"},{"key":"S0950268812001653_ref15","unstructured":"Google. (http:\/\/google.com\/#). Accessed 24 November 2010."},{"key":"S0950268812001653_ref14","unstructured":"International Society for Infectious Diseases. ProMED-mail (http:\/\/www.promedmail.org\/). Accessed 2 June 2011."},{"key":"S0950268812001653_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2166\/wh.2006.002"},{"key":"S0950268812001653_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2166\/wst.2005.0107"},{"key":"S0950268812001653_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2807\/esm.12.05.00711-en"},{"key":"S0950268812001653_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2672.94.s1.5.x"},{"key":"S0950268812001653_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/jes.2008.68"},{"key":"S0950268812001653_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1957","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.8429","article-title":"Climate variability and change and their health effects in small island states: information for adaptation planning in the health sector","volume":"114","author":"Kristie","year":"2006","journal-title":"Environmental Health Perspectives"},{"key":"S0950268812001653_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10584-009-9648-5"},{"key":"S0950268812001653_ref2","unstructured":"Pachauri RK , Reisinger A (eds). Contribution of Working Groups I, II and III to the fourth assessment report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. IPCC, Geneva, Switzerland (http:\/\/www.ipcc.ch\/publications_and_data\/ar4\/syr\/en\/contents.html). Accessed 25 June 2012."},{"key":"S0950268812001653_ref18","first-page":"2038","article-title":"Infections during the 1995 flood in Ostlandet. 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Extreme weather and climate events (http:\/\/lwf.ncdc.noaa.gov\/oa\/climate\/severeweather\/extremes.html). Accessed 17 January 2011."},{"key":"S0950268812001653_ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-7065(02)00090-6"}],"container-title":["Epidemiology and Infection"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S0950268812001653","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,24]],"date-time":"2019-04-24T14:58:25Z","timestamp":1556117905000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S0950268812001653\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012,8,9]]},"references-count":40,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,4]]}},"alternative-id":["S0950268812001653"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s0950268812001653","relation":{},"ISSN":["0950-2688","1469-4409"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0950-2688","type":"print"},{"value":"1469-4409","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2012,8,9]]}}}