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As measured by the Quantiferon-TB GOLD interferon-\u03b3 release assay, a total 38 (22%) subjects had LTBI, of which 28 (74%) also were<jats:italic>H. pylori<\/jats:italic>seropositive and\/or helminth infected. Relative to ten subjects with LTBI only, 16 subjects with concurrent<jats:italic>H. pylori<\/jats:italic>infection had significantly elevated levels of IFN-\u03b3, and nine subjects with both<jats:italic>H. pylori<\/jats:italic>and helminth infection had significantly elevated levels of IFN-\u03b3, IL-2, IL-13, and IL-5.<jats:italic>H. pylori<\/jats:italic>is associated with enhanced IFN-\u03b3 responses to TB, even in the setting of concurrent helminth infection. Efficacy of TB vaccines may vary with the co-existence of these three infections in the developing world.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0950268812001823","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,9,7]],"date-time":"2012-09-07T11:43:13Z","timestamp":1347018193000},"page":"1232-1243","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["The immune response to tuberculosis infection in the setting of<i>Helicobacter pylori<\/i>and helminth infections"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"141","author":[{"given":"S.","family":"PERRY","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A. 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