{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,10]],"date-time":"2026-03-10T17:51:07Z","timestamp":1773165067145,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,2,22]],"date-time":"2013-02-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1361491200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Epidemiol. Infect."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>SUMMARY<\/jats:title><jats:p>Although immediate notification of a case is crucial for epidemic control, clinicians may delay notification due to uncertainties in diagnosis, reflecting a trade-off between timeliness and the accuracy of surveillance. We assessed this trade-off for four epidemic-prone diseases that require immediate notification of suspected cases: shigellosis, typhoid fever, paratyphoid fever, and cholera in the Korean National Notifiable Disease Surveillance System data for 2001\u20132007. Timeliness was measured as the time to registration (<jats:italic>T<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>R<\/jats:sub>), being the time interval from symptom onset to notification by the clinician to the local public health centre. We introduced a new index, \u2018time-accuracy trade-off ratio\u2019 to indicate time saved by clinical <jats:italic>vs.<\/jats:italic> laboratory-based notifications. Clinical notifications comprised 34\u00b74% of total notifications, and these showed a shorter median <jats:italic>T<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>R<\/jats:sub> than laboratory-based notifications (1\u20134 days). The trade-off ratio was greatest for shigellosis (3\u00b73 days), and smallest for typhoid fever (0\u00b76 days). A higher trade-off ratio provides stronger evidence for clinical notification without waiting for laboratory confirmation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0950268812002956","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,2,22]],"date-time":"2013-02-22T14:46:45Z","timestamp":1361544405000},"page":"2634-2643","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["A new surveillance indicator identifying optimal timeliness and accuracy: application to the Korean National Notifiable Disease Surveillance System for 2001\u20132007"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"141","author":[{"given":"H. S.","family":"YOO","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S. I.","family":"CHO","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J. K.","family":"LEE","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"H. K.","family":"PARK","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"E. G.","family":"LEE","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J. W.","family":"KWON","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,2,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0950268812002956_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.81.10.1313"},{"key":"S0950268812002956_ref6","first-page":"1","article-title":"Updated guidelines for evaluating public health surveillance systems: recommendations from the guidelines working group","volume":"50","year":"2001","journal-title":"Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report"},{"key":"S0950268812002956_ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/155.9.866"},{"key":"S0950268812002956_ref7","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Pandemic influenza preparedness and mitigation in refugee and displaced populations \u2013 WHO training modules for humanitarian agencies: module 2. The use of surveillance\/early warning for early action (http:\/\/www.who.int\/diseasecontrol_emergencies\/training\/PI_M2_surveillance_jan07.pdf). Accessed 18 March 2011."},{"key":"S0950268812002956_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00365540410025348"},{"key":"S0950268812002956_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0033-3506(97)00580-5"},{"key":"S0950268812002956_ref4","first-page":"9","article-title":"Delays in notification of infectious disease","volume":"19","author":"Clarkson","year":"1987","journal-title":"Health Trends"},{"key":"S0950268812002956_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0264-410X(98)00303-X"},{"key":"S0950268812002956_ref5","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Communicable disease surveillance and response systems \u2013 Guide to monitoring and evaluating (http:\/\/www.who.int\/csr\/resources\/publications\/surveillance\/WHO_CDS_EPR_LYO_2006_2.pdf). Accessed 18 March 2011."},{"key":"S0950268812002956_ref9","first-page":"68","volume-title":"100 Statistical Tests","author":"Kanji","year":"1999"},{"key":"S0950268812002956_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2807\/esm.10.06.00546-en"},{"key":"S0950268812002956_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/pubmed\/fdm043"},{"key":"S0950268812002956_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-9-93"},{"key":"S0950268812002956_ref14","volume-title":"A study on the confirmation of the reporting rates on notifiable acute communicable diseases and the accuracy in notifiable acute communicable diseases reporting","author":"Kang","year":"2006"},{"key":"S0950268812002956_ref2","first-page":"95","article-title":"The surveillance of communicable disease in Vermont: who reports?","volume":"106","author":"Schramm","year":"1991","journal-title":"Public Health Reports"}],"container-title":["Epidemiology and Infection"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S0950268812002956","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,23]],"date-time":"2019-04-23T19:03:38Z","timestamp":1556046218000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S0950268812002956\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,2,22]]},"references-count":15,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,12]]}},"alternative-id":["S0950268812002956"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s0950268812002956","relation":{},"ISSN":["0950-2688","1469-4409"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0950-2688","type":"print"},{"value":"1469-4409","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,2,22]]}}}