{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,23]],"date-time":"2026-02-23T23:36:38Z","timestamp":1771889798185,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,3,12]],"date-time":"2013-03-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1363046400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Epidemiol. Infect."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>SUMMARY<\/jats:title><jats:p>There are still questions about the importance of different animal reservoirs and environmental factors that played a role in the large Q fever epidemic in The Netherlands. We therefore investigated the spatial association between reported Q fever cases and different livestock and environmental factors at the national level. A spatial regression analysis was performed, with four-digit postal code areas as the unit of analysis. High level of particulate matter (\u2a7e24\u00b75\u00a0<jats:italic>\u03bc<\/jats:italic>g\/m<jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>) with an aerodynamic diameter &lt;10\u00a0<jats:italic>\u03bc<\/jats:italic>m (PM<jats:sub>10<\/jats:sub>) was by far the strongest risk factor for human Q fever with an odds ratio of 10\u00b74 (95% confidence interval 7\u00b70\u201315\u00b76) using PM<jats:sub>10<\/jats:sub>&lt;24\u00b75\u00a0<jats:italic>\u03bc<\/jats:italic>g\/m<jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>as reference, in logistic regression analysis, controlling for differences in animal densities, vegetation and other risk factors. Particulate matter seems to play an important role in the transmission of Q fever from infected animals to humans and should be a focus for further studies on zoonotic infectious diseases and decision-making.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0950268813000460","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,3,12]],"date-time":"2013-03-12T13:39:39Z","timestamp":1363095579000},"page":"2623-2633","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Particulate matter strongly associated with human Q fever in The Netherlands: an ecological study"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"141","author":[{"given":"M.","family":"REEDIJK","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J. P. G.","family":"VAN LEUKEN","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"W.","family":"VAN DER HOEK","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,3,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0950268813000460_ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S095026880500542X"},{"key":"S0950268813000460_ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268808001908"},{"key":"S0950268813000460_ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.06831-11"},{"key":"S0950268813000460_ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0038843"},{"key":"S0950268813000460_ref23","unstructured":"Velders GJM , Large-scale concentration and deposition maps for The Netherlands [in Dutch]. Bilthoven: National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, 2012. RIVM Report 680362002."},{"key":"S0950268813000460_ref22","unstructured":"Hunink JE , Q fever transmission to humans and local environmental conditions. Wageningen: FutureWater, 2010. Report FutureWater no. 90. (http:\/\/www.futurewater.nl\/downloads\/2010_Hunink_FW90.pdf)."},{"key":"S0950268813000460_ref17","unstructured":"Food and Consumer Product Safety Authority. (http:\/\/www.vwa.nl\/onderwerpen\/dierziekten\/dossier\/q-koorts\/kaart-met-overzicht-van-besmette-bedrijven). Accessed April 2012."},{"key":"S0950268813000460_ref16","unstructured":"CBS electronic databank Statline. (http:\/\/statline.cbs.nl\/StatWeb\/dome\/?LA=NL). Accessed March 2012."},{"key":"S0950268813000460_ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.00677-12"},{"key":"S0950268813000460_ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.07323-11"},{"key":"S0950268813000460_ref13","first-page":"1","article-title":"Panel on Animal Health and Welfare. Scientific opinion on Q fever","volume":"8","year":"2010","journal-title":"EFSA Journal"},{"key":"S0950268813000460_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1007.030724"},{"key":"S0950268813000460_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1051\/vetres:2003017"},{"key":"S0950268813000460_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09603123.2011.574270"},{"key":"S0950268813000460_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2011\/248418"},{"key":"S0950268813000460_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1703.101157"},{"key":"S0950268813000460_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.2807\/ese.13.31.18939-en","article-title":"Large ongoing Q fever outbreak in the south of The Netherlands, 2008","volume":"13","author":"Schimmer","year":"2008","journal-title":"Eurosurveillance"},{"key":"S0950268813000460_ref2","first-page":"380","article-title":"The largest Q fever outbreak ever reported","volume":"68","author":"Speelman","year":"2010","journal-title":"Netherlands Journal of Medicine"},{"key":"S0950268813000460_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268810002268"},{"key":"S0950268813000460_ref20","unstructured":"Brandsma J , Correlation between C. burnetii transmission rates and satellite based vegetation indices. Wageningen: FutureWater, 2012. Report FutureWater no. 107. (http:\/\/www.futurewater.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/04\/Rapport_FW_Q_fever_Final.pdf)."},{"key":"S0950268813000460_ref28","unstructured":"Sauter FJ , Airborne dispersion of Q fever: a modelling attempt with the OPS-model. Bilthoven: RIVM, 2011. RIVM Report 210231007\/2011."},{"key":"S0950268813000460_ref9","first-page":"180","article-title":"A large outbreak of Q fever in the West Midlands: windborne spread into a metropolitan area?","volume":"1","author":"Hawker","year":"1998","journal-title":"Communicable Disease and Public Health"},{"key":"S0950268813000460_ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2807\/ese.14.19.19210-en"},{"key":"S0950268813000460_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.idc.2008.03.002"},{"key":"S0950268813000460_ref19","unstructured":"Hazeu GW , Land use database of The Netherlands, version 6 (LGN6) [in Dutch]. Wageningen: Alterra, 2010."},{"key":"S0950268813000460_ref25","unstructured":"Heederik DJJ , Potential effects of intensive livestock farming on neighbouring residents' health [in Dutch]. Utrecht: IRAS, NIVEL, RIVM, 2011."},{"key":"S0950268813000460_ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.c6106"},{"key":"S0950268813000460_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-695X.2011.00876.x"},{"key":"S0950268813000460_ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-6-147"},{"key":"S0950268813000460_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2009.07.016"},{"key":"S0950268813000460_ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1805.111907"},{"key":"S0950268813000460_ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-10-69"},{"key":"S0950268813000460_ref27","first-page":"1","article-title":"Risk factors for Q fever in the Netherlands","volume":"2","author":"Veenstra","year":"2011","journal-title":"WebmedCentral Infectious Diseases"}],"container-title":["Epidemiology and Infection"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S0950268813000460","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,11]],"date-time":"2022-02-11T04:48:23Z","timestamp":1644554903000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S0950268813000460\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,3,12]]},"references-count":33,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,12]]}},"alternative-id":["S0950268813000460"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s0950268813000460","relation":{},"ISSN":["0950-2688","1469-4409"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0950-2688","type":"print"},{"value":"1469-4409","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,3,12]]}}}