{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,26]],"date-time":"2025-10-26T14:32:06Z","timestamp":1761489126332},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,4,16]],"date-time":"2013-04-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1366070400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Epidemiol. Infect."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>SUMMARY<\/jats:title><jats:p>Previous evidence has suggested an association between cryptosporidiosis and consumption of unfiltered drinking water from Loch Katrine in Scotland. Before September 2007, the water was only micro-strained and chlorinated; however, since that time, coagulation and rapid gravity filtration have been installed. In order to determine risk factors associated with cryptosporidiosis, including drinking water, we analysed data on microbiologically confirmed cases of cryptosporidiosis from 2004 to 2010. We identified an association between the incidence of cryptosporidiosis and unfiltered Loch Katrine drinking water supplied to the home (odds ratio 1\u00b786, 95% confidence interval 1\u00b711\u20133\u00b711, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00\u00b7019). However, while filtration appears to be associated with initially reduced rates of cryptosporidiosis, evidence suggests it may paradoxically make those consumers more susceptible to other transmission routes in the long-term. These findings support implementation of similar treatment for other unfiltered drinking-water supplies, as a means of reducing cryptosporidiosis associated with drinking water.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0950268813000678","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,4,16]],"date-time":"2013-04-16T12:48:55Z","timestamp":1366116535000},"page":"56-62","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Reduction in cryptosporidiosis associated with introduction of enhanced filtration of drinking water at Loch Katrine, Scotland"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"142","author":[{"given":"K. G. J.","family":"POLLOCK","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"D.","family":"YOUNG","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"C.","family":"ROBERTSON","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"AHMED","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"C. N.","family":"RAMSAY","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,4,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0950268813000678_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.15.1.145-154.2002"},{"key":"S0950268813000678_ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.8523"},{"key":"S0950268813000678_ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19086","DOI":"10.2807\/ese.14.02.19086-en","article-title":"Long-term Cryptosporidium typing reveals the aetiology and species-specific epidemiology of human cryptosporidiosis in England and Wales, 2000 to 2003","volume":"14","author":"Chalmers","year":"2009","journal-title":"Eurosurveillance"},{"key":"S0950268813000678_ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/030006059502300609"},{"key":"S0950268813000678_ref22","first-page":"1","article-title":"Cryptosporidiosis surveillance \u2013 United States, 2006\u20132008","volume":"59","author":"Yoder","year":"2010","journal-title":"Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (Surveillance Summary)"},{"key":"S0950268813000678_ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268801005520"},{"key":"S0950268813000678_ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/427561"},{"key":"S0950268813000678_ref17","unstructured":"Department of the Environment and Department of Health. Cryptosporidium in water supplies: second report of the group of experts. London: HMSO, 1995."},{"key":"S0950268813000678_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199407213310304"},{"key":"S0950268813000678_ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268802006933","article-title":"Case-control studies of sporadic crystosporidiosis in Melbourne and Adelaide, Australia","volume":"128","author":"Robertson","year":"2001","journal-title":"Epidemiology and Infection"},{"key":"S0950268813000678_ref9","unstructured":"Juranek DD . Cryptosporidiosis: Sources of infection and guidelines for prevention (http:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/crypto\/prevention.html). Accessed 26 May 2012."},{"key":"S0950268813000678_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/10.3201\/eid1006.030325"},{"key":"S0950268813000678_ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2009.03.044"},{"key":"S0950268813000678_ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1999.60.157"},{"key":"S0950268813000678_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1505.081419"},{"key":"S0950268813000678_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268800031101"},{"key":"S0950268813000678_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1401.070562"},{"key":"S0950268813000678_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268899004136"},{"key":"S0950268813000678_ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268809002842"},{"key":"S0950268813000678_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1605.091468"},{"key":"S0950268813000678_ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jech.2005.040394"},{"key":"S0950268813000678_ref14","unstructured":"Mukherjee A . Outbreak of cryptosporidiosis in Grampian NHS Board area (January-March 2002). National Health Services Grampian (http:\/\/www.nhsgrampian.org\/grampianfoi\/files\/CryptoAberdFRep2002.pdf). Accessed 2 July 2011."},{"key":"S0950268813000678_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2166\/wh.2009.184"},{"key":"S0950268813000678_ref28","first-page":"341065","article-title":"A community outbreak of cryptosporidiosis in sydney associated with a public swimming facility: a case-control study","author":"Mayne","year":"2011","journal-title":"Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Infectious Diseases"},{"key":"S0950268813000678_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1102.040274"},{"key":"S0950268813000678_ref10","unstructured":"National Health Service for Scotland. Greater Glasgow Outbreak Control Team. Report of an outbreak of cryptosporidiosis in the area supplied by Milngavie Treatment Works\u2013Loch Katrine water. Glasgow: Department of Public Health, Greater Glasgow Health Board, 2001."},{"key":"S0950268813000678_ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"851","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2006.75.851","article-title":"Cryptosporidium hominis: experimental challenge of healthy adults","volume":"75","author":"Chappell","year":"2006","journal-title":"American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene"},{"key":"S0950268813000678_ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3024.2008.01055.x"},{"key":"S0950268813000678_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-008-0935-2"}],"container-title":["Epidemiology and Infection"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S0950268813000678","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,23]],"date-time":"2019-04-23T01:49:17Z","timestamp":1555984157000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S0950268813000678\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,4,16]]},"references-count":29,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,1]]}},"alternative-id":["S0950268813000678"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s0950268813000678","relation":{},"ISSN":["0950-2688","1469-4409"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0950-2688","type":"print"},{"value":"1469-4409","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,4,16]]}}}