{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,18]],"date-time":"2026-04-18T09:03:46Z","timestamp":1776503026520,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,4,8]],"date-time":"2013-04-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1365379200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Epidemiol. Infect."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>SUMMARY<\/jats:title><jats:p>Data obtained from genitourinary medicine clinics through a comprehensive surveillance system were used in a Bayesian mixed-effects Poisson regression model to explore socio-demographic individual and ecological risk factors for gonorrhoea in London, as well as its spatial clustering. The spatial analysis was performed at the Middle-layer Super Output Area level (median population size 7200). A total of 12452 individuals were diagnosed during the 2-year study period (2009\u20132010). The study confirmed the presence of \u2018core areas\u2019 of high incidence, and identified \u2018core\u2019 high-risk groups, in particular young adults (16\u201329 years), males, black Caribbeans and more deprived areas. The individual (age, sex, ethnicity) and area-level (deprivation, teenage pregnancies, students) model covariates accounted for 48% of the variance. Most of the remaining variance was explained by the spatial effect, thus capturing other spatially distributed factors associated with gonorrhoea, such as local sexual networks. These findings will be useful in identifying areas for targeted interventions, such as STI testing and health promotion.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0950268813000745","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,4,8]],"date-time":"2013-04-08T09:43:25Z","timestamp":1365414205000},"page":"211-220","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["The epidemiology of gonorrhoea in London: a Bayesian spatial modelling approach"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"142","author":[{"given":"O.","family":"Le POLAIN De WAROUX","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"R. J.","family":"HARRIS","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"G.","family":"HUGHES","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"P. D.","family":"CROOK","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,4,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0950268813000745_ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1214\/06-BA117A"},{"key":"S0950268813000745_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.82.11.1490"},{"key":"S0950268813000745_ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2011.300211"},{"key":"S0950268813000745_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/sti.2007.026021"},{"key":"S0950268813000745_ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/sti.79.6.469"},{"key":"S0950268813000745_ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/00333549101250S415"},{"key":"S0950268813000745_ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/sti.2009.040238"},{"key":"S0950268813000745_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a008926"},{"key":"S0950268813000745_ref23","unstructured":"Communities and Local Government. English indices of deprivation 2010 (http:\/\/www.communities.gov.uk\/publications\/corporate\/statistics\/indices2010). Accessed 26 July 2012."},{"key":"S0950268813000745_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwi012"},{"key":"S0950268813000745_ref38","unstructured":"National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE). One to one interventions to reduce the transmission of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) including HIV, and to reduce the rate of under 18 conceptions, especially among vulnerable and at risk groups, 2007 (http:\/\/www.nice.org.uk\/PHI003). Accessed 26 July 2012."},{"key":"S0950268813000745_ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/sextrans-2011-050138"},{"key":"S0950268813000745_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00007435-198501000-00006"},{"key":"S0950268813000745_ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00116466"},{"key":"S0950268813000745_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00007435-199902000-00002"},{"key":"S0950268813000745_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00007435-199307000-00001"},{"key":"S0950268813000745_ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.314.7096.1715"},{"key":"S0950268813000745_ref22","unstructured":"Office for National Statistics. Neighbourhood statistics (http:\/\/www.neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk\/dissemination\/). Accessed 26 July 2012."},{"key":"S0950268813000745_ref27","article-title":"A Bayesian measures of model complexity and fit","volume":"64","author":"Spiegelhalter","year":"2002","journal-title":"Journal of the Royal Statistical Society: Series B"},{"key":"S0950268813000745_ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1476-072X-11-37"},{"key":"S0950268813000745_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(06)69003-X"},{"key":"S0950268813000745_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.81.10.1252"},{"key":"S0950268813000745_ref25","unstructured":"National Chlamydia Screening Programme. The bigger picture. 2008\/09 Annual Report, 2009 (http:\/\/www.chlamydiascreening.nhs.uk\/ps\/publications\/reports.html). Accessed 26 July 2012."},{"key":"S0950268813000745_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/sti.2007.028076"},{"key":"S0950268813000745_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/sti.2003.006700"},{"key":"S0950268813000745_ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2010.11.015"},{"key":"S0950268813000745_ref31","unstructured":"Health Protection Agency. GRASP 2010 Report. The gonococcal resistance to antimicrobials surveillance programme (http:\/\/www.hpa.org.uk\/Publications\/InfectiousDiseases\/HIVAndSTIs\/GRASPReports\/1109GRASP2010\/). Accessed 26 July 2012."},{"key":"S0950268813000745_ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11524-009-9425-9"},{"key":"S0950268813000745_ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2008.147835"},{"key":"S0950268813000745_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/sti.2008.034843"},{"key":"S0950268813000745_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/sti.2006.023598"},{"key":"S0950268813000745_ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3156.2006.01797.x"},{"key":"S0950268813000745_ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(05)74813-3"},{"key":"S0950268813000745_ref21","unstructured":"Health Protection Agency. Genitourinary Medicine Clinic Activity Dataset. (http:\/\/www.hpa.org.uk\/gumcad\/). Accessed 26 July 2012."},{"key":"S0950268813000745_ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1000048"},{"key":"S0950268813000745_ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2010.03.016"},{"key":"S0950268813000745_ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.2807\/ese.17.29.20224-en","article-title":"Rapid increase in gonorrhoea and syphilis diagnoses in England in 2011","volume":"17","author":"Savage","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eurosurveillance"},{"key":"S0950268813000745_ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/OLQ.0b013e31818b20fa"},{"key":"S0950268813000745_ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/153.12.1222"}],"container-title":["Epidemiology and Infection"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S0950268813000745","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,13]],"date-time":"2022-02-13T07:52:57Z","timestamp":1644738777000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S0950268813000745\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,4,8]]},"references-count":39,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,1]]}},"alternative-id":["S0950268813000745"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s0950268813000745","relation":{},"ISSN":["0950-2688","1469-4409"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0950-2688","type":"print"},{"value":"1469-4409","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,4,8]]}}}