{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,19]],"date-time":"2025-09-19T08:12:07Z","timestamp":1758269527332},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,6,10]],"date-time":"2013-06-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1370822400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Epidemiol. Infect."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>SUMMARY<\/jats:title><jats:p>Many infectious diseases exhibit repetitive or regular behaviour over time. Time-domain approaches, such as the seasonal autoregressive integrated moving average model, are often utilized to examine the cyclical behaviour of such diseases. The limitations for time-domain approaches include over-differencing and over-fitting; furthermore, the use of these approaches is inappropriate when the assumption of linearity may not hold. In this study, we implemented a simple and efficient procedure based on the fast Fourier transformation (FFT) approach to evaluate the epidemic dynamic of scarlet fever incidence (2004\u20132010) in China. This method demonstrated good internal and external validities and overcame some shortcomings of time-domain approaches. The procedure also elucidated the cycling behaviour in terms of environmental factors. We concluded that, under appropriate circumstances of data structure, spectral analysis based on the FFT approach may be applicable for the study of oscillating diseases.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0950268813001283","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,6,10]],"date-time":"2013-06-10T08:00:17Z","timestamp":1370851217000},"page":"520-529","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Spectral analysis based on fast Fourier transformation (FFT) of surveillance data: the case of scarlet fever in China"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"142","author":[{"given":"T.","family":"ZHANG","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"YANG","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"X.","family":"XIAO","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Z.","family":"FENG","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"C.","family":"LI","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Z.","family":"ZHOU","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Q.","family":"REN","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"X.","family":"LI","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,6,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0950268813001283_ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1258\/td.2010.090207"},{"key":"S0950268813001283_ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0261-5177(02)00009-2"},{"key":"S0950268813001283_ref35","first-page":"435","article-title":"Spatial-temporal scan statistic on scarlet fever cases in Beijing, 2005\u20132010","volume":"26","author":"Qian","year":"2011","journal-title":"Disease Surveillance"},{"key":"S0950268813001283_ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2669","DOI":"10.1109\/78.542175","article-title":"Joint estimation of time delay and frequency delay in impulsive noise using fractional lower order statistics","volume":"44","author":"Ma","year":"1996","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing"},{"key":"S0950268813001283_ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00401706.1988.10488367"},{"key":"S0950268813001283_ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511802843"},{"key":"S0950268813001283_ref23","unstructured":"National Bureau of Statistics. Database (http:\/\/www.stats.gov.cn\/). Accessed 9 April 2012."},{"key":"S0950268813001283_ref34","first-page":"1435","article-title":"Correlative study on association between meteorological factors and incidence of scarlet fever in Beijing","volume":"14","author":"Li","year":"2007","journal-title":"Practical Preventive Medicine"},{"key":"S0950268813001283_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.publhealth.26.021304.144517"},{"key":"S0950268813001283_ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10654-004-6518-3"},{"key":"S0950268813001283_ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(08)70203-2"},{"key":"S0950268813001283_ref1","first-page":"164","volume-title":"Analysis of Infectious Disease Data","author":"Becker","year":"1989"},{"key":"S0950268813001283_ref5","first-page":"33","volume-title":"Time Series Analysis, Forecasting and Control","author":"Box","year":"1976"},{"key":"S0950268813001283_ref19","first-page":"477","article-title":"Time series analysis based by spectral power distribution-maximum entropy method (MEM) [in Chinese]","volume":"5","author":"Luo","year":"2010","journal-title":"Chinese Journal of Health Statistics"},{"key":"S0950268813001283_ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwm012"},{"key":"S0950268813001283_ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12199-011-0223-0"},{"key":"S0950268813001283_ref22","first-page":"3","article-title":"Streptococcal skin diseases in children","volume":"11","author":"Barnett","year":"1992","journal-title":"Seminars in Dermatology"},{"key":"S0950268813001283_ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/for.3980070102"},{"key":"S0950268813001283_ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.77.6.712"},{"key":"S0950268813001283_ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/PROC.1967.5957"},{"key":"S0950268813001283_ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"284","DOI":"10.1080\/01621459.1993.10594321","article-title":"Joint estimation of model parameters and outlier effects in time series","volume":"8","author":"Chen","year":"1993","journal-title":"Journal of the American Statistical Association"},{"key":"S0950268813001283_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2005.09.002"},{"key":"S0950268813001283_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/58.842053"},{"key":"S0950268813001283_ref37","first-page":"67","article-title":"Epidemiological pattern of scarlet fever in recent years","volume":"5","author":"Briko","year":"2003","journal-title":"Zhurnal mikrobiologii, epidemiologii, i immunobiologii"},{"key":"S0950268813001283_ref7","unstructured":"Cai XH . Time series analysis of air pollution CO in California south coast area, with seasonal ARIMA model and VAR model (dissertation). Los Angeles, CA, USA: University of California, 2008, 84 pp."},{"key":"S0950268813001283_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compbiomed.2009.11.008"},{"key":"S0950268813001283_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-11-218"},{"key":"S0950268813001283_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2003.1291"},{"key":"S0950268813001283_ref29","volume-title":"The Fourier Transformation and its Application","author":"Bracewell","year":"1999"},{"key":"S0950268813001283_ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.2010.189944"},{"key":"S0950268813001283_ref20","first-page":"25","volume-title":"Probability, Random Variables, and Random Signal Principles","author":"Peyton","year":"2001"},{"key":"S0950268813001283_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcp.2008.08.015"},{"key":"S0950268813001283_ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/0471746193"},{"key":"S0950268813001283_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-4076(86)90063-1"},{"key":"S0950268813001283_ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3542","DOI":"10.1109\/TSP.2006.879265","article-title":"Joint estimation of channel response, frequency offset, and phase noise in OFDM","volume":"54","author":"Lin","year":"2006","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing"},{"key":"S0950268813001283_ref36","first-page":"21","article-title":"The analysis of dynmaics of scarlet fever in China from 2003\u20132008 [in Chinese]","volume":"20","author":"Liu","year":"2009","journal-title":"Journal of public health and preventive medcine"},{"key":"S0950268813001283_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.2382131"},{"key":"S0950268813001283_ref10","first-page":"174","volume-title":"Time Series Analysis and its Applications","author":"Shumway","year":"2006"}],"container-title":["Epidemiology and Infection"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S0950268813001283","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,12]],"date-time":"2024-05-12T03:37:55Z","timestamp":1715485075000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S0950268813001283\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,6,10]]},"references-count":38,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,3]]}},"alternative-id":["S0950268813001283"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s0950268813001283","relation":{},"ISSN":["0950-2688","1469-4409"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0950-2688","type":"print"},{"value":"1469-4409","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,6,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 Cambridge University Press 2013\u00a0","name":"license","label":"License","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}}]}}