{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,5]],"date-time":"2026-06-05T16:02:49Z","timestamp":1780675369274,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,9,27]],"date-time":"2013-09-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1380240000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Epidemiol. Infect."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>SUMMARY<\/jats:title><jats:p>To identify risk factors for<jats:italic>Clostridium difficile<\/jats:italic>infection (CDI) in Danish patients consulting general practice with gastrointestinal symptoms, a prospective matched case-control study was performed; cases (<jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0259) had positive cultures for toxigenic<jats:italic>C. difficile<\/jats:italic>and controls (<jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0455) negative cultures. Data were analysed by conditional logistic regression. In patients aged \u2a7e2 years (138 cases), hospitalization [odds ratio (OR) 8\u00b74, 95% confidence interval (CI) 3\u00b71\u201323], consumption of beef (OR 5\u00b75, 95% CI 2\u00b70\u201315), phenoxymethylpenicillin (OR 15, 95% CI 2\u00b77\u201382), dicloxacillin (OR 27, 95% CI 3\u00b76\u2013211), and extended spectrum penicillins (OR 9\u00b72, 95% CI 1\u00b79\u201345) were associated with CDI. In patients aged &lt;2 years none of these were associated with CDI, but in a subgroup analysis contact with animals was associated with CDI (OR 8\u00b71, 95% CI 1\u00b70\u201364). This study emphasizes narrow-spectrum penicillins, and suggests beef consumption, as risk factors for CDI in adults, and indicates a different epidemiology of CDI in infants.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0950268813002380","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,9,27]],"date-time":"2013-09-27T13:53:17Z","timestamp":1380289997000},"page":"1437-1448","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Risk factors for<i>Clostridium difficile<\/i>infection in the community: a case-control study in patients in general practice, Denmark, 2009\u20132011"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"142","author":[{"given":"L. M.","family":"S\u00d8ES","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"H. 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