{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,13]],"date-time":"2025-11-13T12:26:25Z","timestamp":1763036785130},"reference-count":11,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,10,14]],"date-time":"2013-10-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1381708800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Epidemiol. Infect."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>SUMMARY<\/jats:title><jats:p>Giardiasis, caused by the intestinal protozoan parasite <jats:italic>Giardia intestinalis<\/jats:italic> (synonyms: <jats:italic>G. lamblia<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>G. duodenalis<\/jats:italic>), is one of the most frequent parasites to infect the Scottish population. Transmission of the infective cysts in faecal matter is commonly via food and\/or water. <jats:italic>Giardia<\/jats:italic> is subdivided into assemblages, where clinical and epidemiological differences have been described between assemblages A and B. This snapshot descriptive epidemiological study examines 30 positive cases of <jats:italic>Giardia<\/jats:italic> of which 72% (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a021) were shown to be assemblage A, 14% (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a04) assemblage B and 10% (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a03) mixed assemblages (A and B). There was a 2:3 female:male ratio of affected individuals with foreign travel recorded in 22 of these cases. The commonest symptom was diarrhoea which was reported in 80% of cases followed by tiredness. Five cases required hospitalization emphasizing the importance of gaining a greater understanding of how <jats:italic>Giardia<\/jats:italic> assemblages influence clinical outcomes to assist in formulating guidelines to manage potential <jats:italic>Giardia<\/jats:italic> outbreaks.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0950268813002604","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,10,14]],"date-time":"2013-10-14T09:08:53Z","timestamp":1381741733000},"page":"1636-1639","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Genotyping of <i>Giardia<\/i> isolates in Scotland: a descriptive epidemiological study"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"142","author":[{"given":"C.","family":"ALEXANDER","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"B.","family":"JONES","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"D.","family":"INVERARITY","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"K. 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J.","family":"POLLOCK","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,10,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0950268813002604_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2008.01.013"},{"key":"S0950268813002604_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2166\/wh.2009.014"},{"key":"S0950268813002604_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4161\/gmic.1.6.13608"},{"key":"S0950268813002604_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268809990744"},{"key":"S0950268813002604_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-7519(02)00068-1"},{"key":"S0950268813002604_ref9","first-page":"27","article-title":"Development of functional gastrointestinal disorders after Giardia lamblia infection","volume":"9","author":"Hanevik","year":"2009","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"S0950268813002604_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268810000208"},{"key":"S0950268813002604_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molbiopara.2008.04.006"},{"key":"S0950268813002604_ref8","first-page":"187","article-title":"The Giardia epidemic in 2004 and out-of-hours service in Bergen","volume":"127","author":"Steen","year":"2007","journal-title":"Tidsskrift for Den norske legeforening"},{"key":"S0950268813002604_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.78.2.123"},{"key":"S0950268813002604_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2011-300220"}],"container-title":["Epidemiology and Infection"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S0950268813002604","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,21]],"date-time":"2019-04-21T22:22:05Z","timestamp":1555885325000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S0950268813002604\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,10,14]]},"references-count":11,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,8]]}},"alternative-id":["S0950268813002604"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s0950268813002604","relation":{},"ISSN":["0950-2688","1469-4409"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0950-2688","type":"print"},{"value":"1469-4409","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,10,14]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 Cambridge University Press 2013\u00a0","name":"license","label":"License","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}}]}}