{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T23:56:07Z","timestamp":1790812567839,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,12,13]],"date-time":"2013-12-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1386892800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Epidemiol. Infect."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>SUMMARY<\/jats:title><jats:p>We conducted an epidemiological, observational cohort study to determine the incidence and complications of acute otitis media (AOM) in children aged &lt;6 years. Data on physician-diagnosed AOM were collected from retrospective review of medical charts for the year preceding enrolment and then prospectively in the year following enrolment. The study included 5776 children in Germany, Italy, Spain, Sweden, and the UK. AOM incidence was 256\/1000 person-years [95% confidence interval (CI) 243\u2013270] in the prospective study period. Incidence was lowest in Italy (195, 95% CI 171\u2013222) and highest in Spain (328, 95% CI 296\u2013363). Complications were documented in &lt;1% of episodes. Spontaneous tympanic membrane perforation was documented in 7% of episodes. Both retrospective and prospective study results were similar and show the high incidence during childhood in these five European countries. Differences by country may reflect true differences and differences in social structure and diagnostic procedures.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0950268813002744","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,12,13]],"date-time":"2013-12-13T14:54:58Z","timestamp":1386946498000},"page":"1778-1788","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":86,"title":["Incidence and clinical presentation of acute otitis media in children aged &lt;6 years in European medical practices"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"142","author":[{"given":"J. G.","family":"LIESE","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S. 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R\u00e9union Interdisciplinaire de Chimioth\u00e9rapie Anti-infectieuse, Paris, France, 4\u20135 December 2008 (Abstract 382)."},{"key":"S0950268813002744_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.inf.0000136871.51792.19"},{"key":"S0950268813002744_ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1157\/13077454"},{"key":"S0950268813002744_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1142","DOI":"10.1097\/01.inf.0000148233.57296.90","article-title":"Haemophilus influenzae: a significant pathogen in acute otitis media","volume":"23","author":"Leibovitz","year":"2004","journal-title":"Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal"},{"key":"S0950268813002744_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3399\/bjgp10X483148"},{"key":"S0950268813002744_ref8","first-page":"408","article-title":"Acute otitis media in a pediatric primary care unit [in Spanish]","volume":"61","author":"Riquelme","year":"2004","journal-title":"Anales de Pediatr\u00eda"},{"key":"S0950268813002744_ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2005.02.008"},{"key":"S0950268813002744_ref23","first-page":"A508","article-title":"The clinical and economic burden of acute otitis media: a large prospective observational cohort study in Europe","volume":"14","author":"Liese","year":"2011","journal-title":"International Society for Pharmacoeconomics and Outcomes Research, 14th Annual European Congress"},{"key":"S0950268813002744_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2004-1665"},{"key":"S0950268813002744_ref11","first-page":"CD000219","article-title":"Antibiotics for acute otitis media in children","volume":"1","author":"Venekamp","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews"},{"key":"S0950268813002744_ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a115507"},{"key":"S0950268813002744_ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1651-2227.2000.tb00777.x"},{"key":"S0950268813002744_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijporl.2010.03.049"},{"key":"S0950268813002744_ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200102083440602"},{"key":"S0950268813002744_ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00431-008-0921-9"},{"key":"S0950268813002744_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-11-4"},{"key":"S0950268813002744_ref6","first-page":"27","article-title":"Epidemiologic survey of acute otitis media in urban pediatric practices [in French]","volume":"6","author":"Cohen","year":"1996","journal-title":"M\u00e9decine et Enfance"},{"key":"S0950268813002744_ref5","first-page":"133","article-title":"Incidence, air pollution and risk factors of acute otitis media in the first year of life: a prospective study [in Spanish]","volume":"60","author":"C\u00e1ceres","year":"2004","journal-title":"Anales de Pediatr\u00eda"},{"key":"S0950268813002744_ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268898001575"},{"key":"S0950268813002744_ref22","first-page":"A509","article-title":"The effect of paediatric acute otitis media in children on parents' quality of life: development and validation of a questionnaire implemented in a prospective observational cohort study in Europe","volume":"14","author":"Liese","year":"2011","journal-title":"International Society for Pharmacoeconomics and Outcomes Research, 14th Annual European Congress"},{"key":"S0950268813002744_ref24","unstructured":"World Health Organization. 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