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Blood and CSF samples of 526 AES cases were investigated by serology and\/or PCR. Viral aetiology was identified in 91 (17\u00b72%) cases. Herpes simplex virus (HSV; types I or II) was most common (16\u00b71%), followed by measles (2\u00b76%), Japanese encephalitis virus (1\u00b75%), dengue virus (0\u00b757%), varicella zoster virus (0\u00b738%) and enteroviruses (0\u00b719%). Rash, paresis and cranial nerve palsies were significantly higher (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00\u00b705) with viral AES. Case-fatality rates were 10\u00b79% and 6\u00b72% in AES cases with and without viral aetiology, respectively. Simultaneous infection of HSV I and measles was observed in seven cases. This report provides the first evidence on viral aetiology of AES viruses from eastern India showing dominance of HSV that will be useful in informing the public health system.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0950268813003397","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,2,10]],"date-time":"2014-02-10T04:44:03Z","timestamp":1392007443000},"page":"2514-2521","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":41,"title":["Viral aetiology and clinico-epidemiological features of acute encephalitis syndrome in eastern India"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"142","author":[{"given":"S. K.","family":"RATHORE","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"B.","family":"DWIBEDI","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S. 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