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We estimated that each case of shigellosis accounted for 25 cases in the community indicating the high burden of disease. Orthodox Jewish communities, living in highly crowded conditions and with a high number of children aged &lt;5 years were the epicentre of country-wide biennial propagated epidemics of<jats:italic>S. sonnei<\/jats:italic>shigellosis.<jats:italic>S. flexneri<\/jats:italic>was the leading<jats:italic>Shigella<\/jats:italic>serogroup in Israeli Arabs.<jats:italic>S. flexneri<\/jats:italic>2a and<jats:italic>S. flexneri<\/jats:italic>6 alternated as the most common serotypes. Both<jats:italic>S. sonnei<\/jats:italic>and<jats:italic>S. flexneri<\/jats:italic>isolates showed high rates of resistance to ampicillin and trimethoprim\/sulfamethoxazole and very low rates of resistance to quinolones and third-generation cephalosporins. Shigellosis due to<jats:italic>S. sonnei<\/jats:italic>conferred 81% (95% confidence interval 69\u201389) protection against the homologous<jats:italic>Shigella<\/jats:italic>serotype when epidemic exposure re-occurred 2 years later. These data are of value in the process of<jats:italic>Shigella<\/jats:italic>vaccine development.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0950268814000260","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,2,21]],"date-time":"2014-02-21T07:29:14Z","timestamp":1392967754000},"page":"2583-2594","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":58,"title":["Recent trends in the epidemiology of shigellosis in 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