{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T06:29:12Z","timestamp":1775024952825,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,5,8]],"date-time":"2014-05-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1399507200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Epidemiol. Infect."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>SUMMARY<\/jats:title><jats:p>Orf virus has a worldwide distribution among sheep and goats. The hypersensitivity reaction erythema multiforme (EM) is a known complication of orf infection in humans; however, its occurrence is poorly understood and has not been extensively reviewed. We present two unrelated cases of orf-associated EM, and a review of the literature, highlighting important clinical, epidemiological and immunological aspects of this condition. Orf and its associated complications can occur in rural areas, as well as urban settings, where it is less well-known, through religious or cultural practices involving animal slaughter. Obtaining a history of animal exposures from patients with lesions suspicious for orf and secondary skin eruptions can guide diagnosis and identification of the inciting immune stimulus. Determining the pathophysiology and relative contribution of host and viral factors contributing to EM and other orf-associated hypersensitivity reactions could facilitate the identification of risk factors and inform treatment decisions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0950268814000879","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,5,8]],"date-time":"2014-05-08T14:03:30Z","timestamp":1399557810000},"page":"385-390","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":43,"title":["Erythema multiforme after orf virus infection: a report of two cases and literature review"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"143","author":[{"given":"R. H.","family":"JOSEPH","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"F. A.","family":"HADDAD","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A. 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Cambridge University Press 2014\u00a0The online version of this article is published within an Open Access environment subject to the conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution licence <http: \/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/>. The written permission of Cambridge University Press must be obtained for commercial re-use. Parts of this are a work of the U.S. Government and not subject to copyright protection in the United States.","name":"license","label":"License","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}}]}}