{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T20:46:43Z","timestamp":1786999603167,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,8,1]],"date-time":"2014-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1406851200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Epidemiol. Infect."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>SUMMARY<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    During two legionellosis outbreak investigations, one at a geriatric centre and the other in high-rise housing for seniors, it was observed that additional cases of legionellosis occurred in nearby smaller residential settings. This apparent geographical cluster of legionellosis occurred in the same general area of a community water storage tank. No potential airborne sources in or near the area could be identified, but a community water system storage tank that was centrally located among case residences spurred an investigation of water-quality factors in the identified investigation area. Conditions conducive for\n                    <jats:italic>Legionella<\/jats:italic>\n                    growth, particularly low chlorine residuals, were found. The rate of legionellosis among residents aged \u2a7e50 years in the investigation areas (61\u00b70 and 64\u00b71\/100\u00a0000) was eight times higher than in the rest of the service area (9\u00b70\/100\u00a0000) and almost 20 times higher than the statewide annual average incidence rate (3\u00b72\/100\u00a0000). A water mains flushing programme in the area was launched by the water utility, and water samples taken before and during flushing found\n                    <jats:italic>L. pneumophila<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0950268814001964","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,8,1]],"date-time":"2014-08-01T10:12:31Z","timestamp":1406887951000},"page":"1322-1331","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":37,"title":["Community outbreak of legionellosis and an environmental investigation into a community water system"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"143","author":[{"given":"P. D.","family":"COHN","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J. A.","family":"GLEASON","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"E.","family":"RUDOWSKI","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S. M.","family":"TSAI","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C. A.","family":"GENESE","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J. A.","family":"FAGLIANO","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,8,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0950268814001964_ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(98)06394-6"},{"key":"S0950268814001964_ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1476-072X-7-57"},{"key":"S0950268814001964_ref22","unstructured":"U.S. Geological Survey. (http:\/\/ga.water.usgs.gov\/edu\/index.html). Accessed 14 November 2013."},{"key":"S0950268814001964_ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1204.051101"},{"key":"S0950268814001964_ref29","unstructured":"Environmental Protection Agency. Drinking water contaminants, 2013."},{"key":"S0950268814001964_ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.01215-10"},{"key":"S0950268814001964_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/es102876y"},{"key":"S0950268814001964_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/342903"},{"key":"S0950268814001964_ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/502256"},{"key":"S0950268814001964_ref15","volume-title":"Guidelines for Drinking-water Quality","volume":"1","year":"2004"},{"key":"S0950268814001964_ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2807\/ese.18.23.20497-en"},{"key":"S0950268814001964_ref7","first-page":"1083","article-title":"Legionellosis\u00a0\u2013\u00a0United States, 2000\u20132009","volume":"60","year":"2011","journal-title":"Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report"},{"key":"S0950268814001964_ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.72.1.157-166.2006"},{"key":"S0950268814001964_ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.15.3.506-526.2002"},{"key":"S0950268814001964_ref2","volume-title":"Water Quality and Treatment: A Handbook on Drinking Water","author":"LeChevallier","year":"2011"},{"key":"S0950268814001964_ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2672.1990.tb02904.x"},{"key":"S0950268814001964_ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.2166\/wh.2003.0002","article-title":"The potential for health risks from intrusion of contaminants into the distribution system from pressure transients","volume":"1","author":"LeChevallier","year":"2003","journal-title":"Journal of Water Health"},{"key":"S0950268814001964_ref30","unstructured":"Environmental Protection Agency. Guidance manual for conducting sanitary surveys of public water systems; surface and ground water under the direct influence of surface water, EPA 815-R-99-016, 1999."},{"key":"S0950268814001964_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/341087"},{"key":"S0950268814001964_ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00077-09"},{"key":"S0950268814001964_ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.72.1.378-383.2006"},{"key":"S0950268814001964_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2166\/wh.2005.047"},{"key":"S0950268814001964_ref35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"979","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.53.5.979-986.1987","article-title":"Survival and multiplication of Legionella pneumophila in municipal drinking water systems","volume":"53","author":"States","year":"1987","journal-title":"Applied and Environmental Microbiology"},{"key":"S0950268814001964_ref33","first-page":"31","article-title":"Surveillance for waterborne disease and outbreaks associated with drinking water and water not intended for drinking\u00a0\u2013\u00a0United States, 2003\u20132004","volume":"55","author":"Liang","year":"2006","journal-title":"Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report: Surveillance Summaries"},{"key":"S0950268814001964_ref19","unstructured":"CDC. Procedures for the recovery of Legionella from the environment manual (http:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/legionella\/specimen-collect-mgmt\/procedures-manual.html#preparation): Accessed 26 June 2014."},{"key":"S0950268814001964_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/590557"},{"key":"S0950268814001964_ref32","first-page":"1","article-title":"Surveillance for waterborne disease outbreaks and other health events associated with recreational water\u00a0\u2013\u00a0United States, 2007\u20132008","volume":"60","author":"Hlavsa","year":"2011","journal-title":"Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report: Surveillance Summaries"},{"key":"S0950268814001964_ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4096","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.59.12.4096-4100.1993","article-title":"Impact of chlorine and heat on the survival of Hartmannella vermiformis and subsequent growth of Legionella pneumophila","volume":"59","author":"Kuchta","year":"1993","journal-title":"Applied and Environmental Microbiology"},{"key":"S0950268814001964_ref20","unstructured":"U.S. Geological Survey. (http:\/\/m.waterdata.usgs.gov). Accessed 15 November 2013."},{"key":"S0950268814001964_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.1997.00440360129015"},{"key":"S0950268814001964_ref25","first-page":"714","article-title":"Surveillance for waterborne disease outbreaks associated with drinking water and other nonrecreational water\u00a0\u2013\u00a0United States, 2009\u20132010","volume":"62","year":"2013","journal-title":"Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report"},{"key":"S0950268814001964_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1462-2920.2009.02025.x"},{"key":"S0950268814001964_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-13-291"},{"key":"S0950268814001964_ref3","volume-title":"Legionella and the Prevention of Legionellosis","author":"Bartram","year":"2007"},{"key":"S0950268814001964_ref34","first-page":"147","article-title":"Disinfection of water distribution systems for Legionella","volume":"13","author":"Lin","year":"1998","journal-title":"Seminars in Respiratory Infections"},{"key":"S0950268814001964_ref24","unstructured":"Kulldorff M . (http:\/\/www.satscan.org). Accessed 20 July 2013."},{"key":"S0950268814001964_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2807\/ese.17.49.20331-en"},{"key":"S0950268814001964_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2672.2004.02391.x"},{"key":"S0950268814001964_ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.2166\/wst.2004.0025","article-title":"Investigation of opportunistic pathogens in municipal drinking water under different supply and treatment regimes","volume":"50","author":"Pryor","year":"2004","journal-title":"Water Science and Technology"}],"container-title":["Epidemiology and Infection"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S0950268814001964","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,22]],"date-time":"2020-08-22T16:57:15Z","timestamp":1598115435000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S0950268814001964\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,8,1]]},"references-count":39,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,4]]}},"alternative-id":["S0950268814001964"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s0950268814001964","relation":{},"ISSN":["0950-2688","1469-4409"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0950-2688","type":"print"},{"value":"1469-4409","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,8,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 Cambridge University Press 2014\u00a0","name":"license","label":"License","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}}]}}