{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T08:11:57Z","timestamp":1791274317688,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,13]],"date-time":"2014-10-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1413158400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Epidemiol. Infect."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>SUMMARY<\/jats:title><jats:p>We describe two cases of infant botulism due to<jats:italic>Clostridium butyricum<\/jats:italic>producing botulinum type E neurotoxin (BoNT\/E) and a previously unreported environmental source. The infants presented at age 11 days with poor feeding and lethargy, hypotonia, dilated pupils and absent reflexes. Faecal samples were positive for<jats:italic>C. butyricum<\/jats:italic>BoNT\/E. The infants recovered after treatment including botulism immune globulin intravenous (BIG-IV).<jats:italic>C. butyricum<\/jats:italic>BoNT\/E was isolated from water from tanks housing pet \u2018yellow-bellied\u2019 terrapins (<jats:italic>Trachemys scripta scripta<\/jats:italic>): in case A the terrapins were in the infant's home; in case B a relative fed the terrapin prior to holding and feeding the infant when both visited another relative.<jats:italic>C. butyricum<\/jats:italic>isolates from the infants and the respective terrapin tank waters were indistinguishable by molecular typing. Review of a case of<jats:italic>C. butyricum<\/jats:italic>BoNT\/E botulism in the UK found that there was a pet terrapin where the infant was living. It is concluded that the<jats:italic>C. butyricum<\/jats:italic>-producing BoNT type E in these cases of infant botulism most likely originated from pet terrapins. These findings reinforce public health advice that reptiles, including terrapins, are not suitable pets for children aged &lt;5 years, and highlight the importance of hand washing after handling these pets.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0950268814002672","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,13]],"date-time":"2014-10-13T09:52:07Z","timestamp":1413193927000},"page":"461-469","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":36,"title":["Infant botulism due to<i>C. butyricum<\/i>type E toxin: a novel environmental association with pet terrapins"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"143","author":[{"given":"E. 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