{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T20:04:59Z","timestamp":1790280299219,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":13,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,22]],"date-time":"2014-10-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1413936000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Epidemiol. Infect."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>SUMMARY<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:italic>Balamuthia mandrillaris<\/jats:italic> is an emerging cause of encephalitis in humans. The transmission dynamics are poorly understood due to the high fatality rate and the sporadic nature of cases. Seventy-two soil samples were collected from beaches and the banks of lagoons, rivers, ponds, mineral springs and streams from across Jamaica and assayed for the presence of <jats:italic>B. mandrillaris<\/jats:italic>. Seventy-nine sites were sampled and the mitochondrial 16S rDNA gene of <jats:italic>B. mandrillaris<\/jats:italic> was amplified and sequenced to confirm the presence of the amoeba. One isolate of <jats:italic>B. mandrillaris<\/jats:italic> was recovered from soil from mineral spring which hosts an informal therapeutic mud bath business. Although <jats:italic>B. mandrillaris<\/jats:italic> is less frequently isolated from soil than other free-living amoebae, rubbing mud containing the organism onto the skin increases the likelihood of exposure and infection. This first report on the isolation of <jats:italic>B. mandrillaris<\/jats:italic> in the Caribbean and its presence in soil where human contact is likely warrants further investigation using serological methods to elucidate exposure patterns.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0950268814002842","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,22]],"date-time":"2014-10-22T03:50:54Z","timestamp":1413949854000},"page":"2245-2248","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["<i>Balamuthia mandrillaris<\/i> therapeutic mud bath in Jamaica"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"143","author":[{"given":"C. D.","family":"TODD","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"REYES-BATLLE","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J. 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