{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,15]],"date-time":"2026-06-15T07:28:09Z","timestamp":1781508489776,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,11,12]],"date-time":"2014-11-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1415750400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Epidemiol. Infect."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>SUMMARY<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:italic>Mycoplasma pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>outbreaks cause increased use of macrolides and tetracyclines. We aimed to investigate whether drug use data, in addition to laboratory data, could improve understanding of the spread of<jats:italic>M. pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>epidemics. Number of users of<jats:italic>Mycoplasma<\/jats:italic>antibiotics (erythromycin, doxycycline, clarithromycin) per week and county of residence in an indicator age group (6\u201312 years) was retrieved from the Norwegian prescription database for the epidemic season 2011\u20132012 and compared to non-epidemic seasons. In 2011, increased use of<jats:italic>Mycoplasma<\/jats:italic>antibiotics was first observed in September on the west coast of Norway. The Norwegian laboratory-based surveillance system showed the first increase in positive tests in August 2011 and an epidemic was announced on 25 October 2011. At that time the use of<jats:italic>Mycoplasma<\/jats:italic>antibiotics had already exceeded three times the use in non-epidemic periods. Data for three counties from the regional microbiological laboratories showed that the increase in number of positive samples coincided in time with the increase in prescription data. Laboratory data cannot accurately determine the extent of an epidemic, and drug use data cannot identify the cause. Establishing a systematic interaction between the two monitoring systems will enhance surveillance and probably contribute to improved infection control and prudent antibiotic prescribing.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0950268814002908","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,11,12]],"date-time":"2014-11-12T07:38:53Z","timestamp":1415777933000},"page":"1884-1892","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Antibiotic prescriptions and cycles of<i>Mycoplasma pneumoniae<\/i>infections in Norway: can a nationwide prescription register be used for surveillance?"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"143","author":[{"given":"H. S.","family":"BLIX","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D. F.","family":"VESTRHEIM","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"V.","family":"HJELLVIK","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D.","family":"SKAARE","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"CHRISTENSEN","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"STEINBAKK","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,11,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0950268814002908_ref12","unstructured":"The Norwegian Directorate of Health. National clinical guidelines for antibiotic use in primary care. Oslo, 2012 (http:\/\/www.antibiotikasenteret.no). 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Oslo, 2012 (http:\/\/www.whocc.no\/atc_ddd_publications\/atc_ddd_index\/) Accessed 19 March 2014."},{"key":"S0950268814002908_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.2807\/ese.17.05.20075-en","article-title":"Surveillance status and recent data for Mycoplasma pneumoniae infections in the European Union and European Economic Area","volume":"17","author":"Lenglet","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eurosurveillance"},{"key":"S0950268814002908_ref4","unstructured":"Norwegian Institute of Public Health. Drug consumption in Norway 2008\u20132012. Oslo, 2013 (http:\/\/www.legemiddelforbruk.no\/english\/). Accessed 28 December 2013."},{"key":"S0950268814002908_ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.2807\/ese.17.06.20082-en","article-title":"Antibiotic prescriptions and laboratory-confirmed cases of Mycoplasma pneumoniae during the epidemic in Sweden in 2011","volume":"17","author":"Linde","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eurosurveillance"},{"key":"S0950268814002908_ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Goldenberg A , Early statistical detection of anthrax outbreaks by tracking over-the-counter medication sales. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 2002; 99: 5237\u20135240.","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.042117499"},{"key":"S0950268814002908_ref24","unstructured":"Norwegian Medicines Agency. Lack of erythromycin. News about Medicines Journal no. 02\/12 (http:\/\/www.legemiddelverket.no\/Nyheter\/Legemiddelmangel\/Sider\/Mangel-p%C3%A5-erytromycin.aspx). Accessed 29 October 2013."},{"key":"S0950268814002908_ref13","unstructured":"Norwegian Institute of Public Health. Norwegian Surveillance System for Communicable Diseases (MSIS) (http:\/\/www.msis.no\/). Accessed 19 March 2014."},{"key":"S0950268814002908_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD004875.pub4"},{"key":"S0950268814002908_ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkm032"},{"key":"S0950268814002908_ref8","article-title":"Increased incidence of Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection in Norway 2011","volume":"17","author":"Blystad","year":"2012","journal-title":"Euro- surveillance"},{"key":"S0950268814002908_ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1203.050573"},{"key":"S0950268814002908_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2217\/17460913.3.6.635"},{"key":"S0950268814002908_ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/665010"},{"key":"S0950268814002908_ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/qshc.2006.021121"},{"key":"S0950268814002908_ref5","unstructured":"STRAMA: The Swedish Strategic Programme against Antibiotic Resistance. (http:\/\/www.strama.se). Accessed 28 October 2013."},{"key":"S0950268814002908_ref18","first-page":"41","article-title":"Monitoring over-the-counter medication sales for early detection of disease outbreaks \u2013 New York City","volume":"54","author":"Das","year":"2005","journal-title":"Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report"},{"key":"S0950268814002908_ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pds.1965"}],"container-title":["Epidemiology and Infection"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S0950268814002908","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,22]],"date-time":"2022-04-22T02:05:53Z","timestamp":1650593153000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S0950268814002908\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,11,12]]},"references-count":24,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,7]]}},"alternative-id":["S0950268814002908"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s0950268814002908","relation":{},"ISSN":["0950-2688","1469-4409"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0950-2688","type":"print"},{"value":"1469-4409","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,11,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 Cambridge University Press 2014\u00a0This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution licence (http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/), which permits unrestricted re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.","name":"license","label":"License","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}}]}}