{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,22]],"date-time":"2026-04-22T04:07:13Z","timestamp":1776830833397,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"13","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,30]],"date-time":"2015-01-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1422576000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Epidemiol. Infect."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>SUMMARY<\/jats:title><jats:p>In March 2013, a veterinary student tested positive for<jats:italic>Cryptosporidium<\/jats:italic>; four classmates reported similar gastrointestinal symptoms. We aimed to identify source(s) and risk factors for<jats:italic>Cryptosporidium<\/jats:italic>infection in university persons symptomatic between 21 January and 14 April 2013. Sixty-four (79%) students from a cohort of 81 fourth-year veterinary students completed questionnaires, identifying 13 cases; four were<jats:italic>Cryptosporidium parvum<\/jats:italic>GP60 subtype IIaA16G1R1b, two were IIdA24G1, seven did not submit stool samples. Thirteen cases attended the university's field clinic before symptom onset (13\/37 attendees, 35%); 11 visited at least one of four farms where students recalled seeing calves with diarrhoea.<jats:italic>C. parvum<\/jats:italic>subtype IIaA16G1R1b was identified in calves at one of the farms. Entering pens of calves with diarrhoea [relative risk (RR) 7\u00b76, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1\u00b77\u201333\u00b75] and eating in clinic cars (RR 9\u00b71, 95% CI 1\u00b73\u201365\u00b78) were associated with being a case. Washing hands at least twice per farm visit (0 cases,<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>= 0\u00b703) was protective. This outbreak investigation was notable for rapid and effective collaboration between public health, veterinary and environmental sectors, leading to swift identification of a microbiological and epidemiological link between cases, infected calves and their farms. We recommend frequent hand-washing using proper technique and dissuasion from eating in clinic cars to minimize possible exposure to contaminated surfaces.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0950268814003318","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,30]],"date-time":"2015-01-30T09:02:50Z","timestamp":1422608570000},"page":"2748-2756","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["<i>Cryptosporidium parvum<\/i>infections in a cohort of veterinary students in Sweden"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"143","author":[{"given":"P.","family":"KINROSS","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"BESER","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"K.","family":"TROELL","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"C.","family":"SILVERL\u00c5S","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"C.","family":"BJ\u00d6RKMAN","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"LEBBAD","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"WINIECKA-KRUSNELL","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"LINDH","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"L\u00d6FDAHL","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0950268814003318_ref3","unstructured":"Silverl\u00e5s C , Cryptosporidium infection in dairy cattle \u2013 prevalence, age distribution and associated management factors (dissertation). Uppsala, Sweden: Sveriges lantbruksuniversitet, 2010, 77 pp."},{"key":"S0950268814003318_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2010.01.003"},{"key":"S0950268814003318_ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268812001665"},{"key":"S0950268814003318_ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10643389.2010.534706"},{"key":"S0950268814003318_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/00365548609032325"},{"key":"S0950268814003318_ref12","unstructured":"Public Health Agency of Sweden (Folkh\u00e4lsomyndigheten). Cryptosporidium infection statistics (http:\/\/www.folkhalsomyndigheten.se\/amnesomraden\/statistik-och-undersokningar\/sjukdomsstatistik\/cryptosporidiuminfektion\/). Accessed 5 August 2013."},{"key":"S0950268814003318_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268812000830"},{"key":"S0950268814003318_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2012.10.009"},{"key":"S0950268814003318_ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268805005649"},{"key":"S0950268814003318_ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.41.6.2744-2747.2003"},{"key":"S0950268814003318_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/07448480309596353"},{"key":"S0950268814003318_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268807009673"},{"key":"S0950268814003318_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.79.11.1528"},{"key":"S0950268814003318_ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/oemed-2011-100068"},{"key":"S0950268814003318_ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/318090"},{"key":"S0950268814003318_ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268810002499"},{"key":"S0950268814003318_ref15","article-title":"An outbreak of cryptosporidiosis at a day-care centre in Sweden","volume":"12","author":"Persson","year":"2007","journal-title":"Eurosurveillance"},{"key":"S0950268814003318_ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2004.121415"},{"key":"S0950268814003318_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00076-12"},{"key":"S0950268814003318_ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3386","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.65.8.3386-3391.1999","article-title":"Genetic diversity within Cryptosporidium parvum and related Cryptosporidium species","volume":"65","author":"Xiao","year":"1999","journal-title":"Applied and Environmental Microbiology"},{"key":"S0950268814003318_ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.162.26.843"},{"key":"S0950268814003318_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-7091-1562-6_4"},{"key":"S0950268814003318_ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.2807\/ese.17.46.20318-en","article-title":"Two geographically separated food-borne outbreaks in Sweden linked by an unusual Cryptosporidium parvum subtype, October 2010","volume":"17","author":"Gherasim","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eurosurveillance"},{"key":"S0950268814003318_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2009.05.014"},{"key":"S0950268814003318_ref11","volume-title":"Control of Communicable Diseases Manual","author":"Heymann","year":"2008"}],"updated-by":[{"DOI":"10.1017\/s0950268815000564","type":"correction","label":"Correction","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,26]],"date-time":"2015-03-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1427328000000}}],"container-title":["Epidemiology and Infection"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S0950268814003318","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,29]],"date-time":"2020-08-29T13:24:44Z","timestamp":1598707484000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S0950268814003318\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,30]]},"references-count":25,"journal-issue":{"issue":"13","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,10]]}},"alternative-id":["S0950268814003318"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s0950268814003318","relation":{"correction":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1017\/S0950268815000564","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["0950-2688","1469-4409"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0950-2688","type":"print"},{"value":"1469-4409","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,30]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) 2015 and Cambridge University Press 2015\u00a0This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution licence (http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/), which permits unrestricted re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.","name":"license","label":"License","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}}]}}