{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T21:38:46Z","timestamp":1788471526547,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"16","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,5,21]],"date-time":"2015-05-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1432166400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Epidemiol. Infect."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>SUMMARY<\/jats:title><jats:p>During the last few years, several cases of West Nile virus (WNV) infection in humans have been reported in Tunisia. However, detailed information on WNV infection in wild birds, the primary amplifying host of WNV, are lacking. In this work, we investigated the exposure of wild sparrows (hybrid <jats:italic>Passer domesticus<\/jats:italic> \u00d7 <jats:italic>hispaniolensis<\/jats:italic>) living in two oases in southern Tunisia (Gab\u00e8s and K\u00e9bili oases) to WNV, through the detection of WNV-specific antibodies by using ELISA and microneutralization tests. In total, 208 birds were sampled (54 from K\u00e9bili, 154 from Gab\u00e8s). Anti-WNV antibodies were detected in two birds, corresponding to an overall seroprevalence of 1%. There was no significant difference between the two sampled populations [1\u00b785% (1\/54) in K\u00e9bili, 0\u00b765% (1\/154) in Gab\u00e8s]. These data provide indirect evidence of the exposure of resident sparrows in southern Tunisia to WNV.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0950268814003860","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,5,21]],"date-time":"2015-05-21T05:43:47Z","timestamp":1432187027000},"page":"3546-3549","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Exposure of resident sparrows to West Nile virus evidenced in South Tunisia"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"143","author":[{"given":"A.","family":"HAMMOUDA","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"LECOLLINET","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"F.","family":"HAMZA","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"I.","family":"NASRI","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"NEB","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"SELMI","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,5,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0950268814003860_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7589\/0090-3558-46.4.1321"},{"key":"S0950268814003860_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/vbz.2007.0200"},{"key":"S0950268814003860_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7589\/0090-3558-44.3.766"},{"key":"S0950268814003860_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000081042"},{"key":"S0950268814003860_ref8","first-page":"339","volume-title":"Nestling Mortality of Granivorous Birds due to Microorganisms and Toxic Substances: Synthesis","author":"Kruszewicz","year":"1995"},{"key":"S0950268814003860_ref7","first-page":"33","article-title":"Experimental infection of house sparrows (Passer domesticus) with West Nile virus strains of lineages 1 and 2","volume":"45","author":"Del Amo","year":"2014","journal-title":"Veterinary Microbiology"},{"key":"S0950268814003860_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"864","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2009.80.864","article-title":"Humoral immunity to West Nile virus is long-lasting and protective in the house sparrow (Passer domesticus)","volume":"80","author":"Nemeth","year":"2009","journal-title":"American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene"},{"key":"S0950268814003860_ref14","volume-title":"The House Sparrow","author":"Summers-Smith","year":"1963"},{"key":"S0950268814003860_ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1642\/0004-8038(2002)119[0533:RACOOB]2.0.CO;2"},{"key":"S0950268814003860_ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3207(02)00231-8"},{"key":"S0950268814003860_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid0903.020628"},{"key":"S0950268814003860_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph10116049"},{"key":"S0950268814003860_ref3","article-title":"Mapping the serological prevalence rate of West Nile fever in equids, Tunisia","author":"Bargaoui","year":"2013","journal-title":"Transboundary and Emerging Diseases"},{"key":"S0950268814003860_ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/vbz.2006.6.183"},{"key":"S0950268814003860_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.2001.tb02690.x"},{"key":"S0950268814003860_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/vir.0.031641-0"},{"key":"S0950268814003860_ref4","volume-title":"Monitoring West Nile virus infection in Tunisia, 2012","author":"Bougatef","year":"2013"}],"container-title":["Epidemiology and Infection"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S0950268814003860","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,20]],"date-time":"2019-04-20T02:10:47Z","timestamp":1555726247000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S0950268814003860\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,5,21]]},"references-count":17,"journal-issue":{"issue":"16","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,12]]}},"alternative-id":["S0950268814003860"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s0950268814003860","relation":{},"ISSN":["0950-2688","1469-4409"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0950-2688","type":"print"},{"value":"1469-4409","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,5,21]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 Cambridge University Press 2015\u00a0","name":"license","label":"License","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}}]}}