{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,19]],"date-time":"2026-09-19T12:13:17Z","timestamp":1789819997423,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"15","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,4,1]],"date-time":"2015-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1427846400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Epidemiol. Infect."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>SUMMARY<\/jats:title><jats:p>Group B streptococcus (GBS) is an increasing cause of disease in adults. We present long-term trends in incidence of overall infections and identify characteristics of patients with GBS cellulitis, bone and joint infections. Active, population-based surveillance was conducted from 1995\u20132012 in three California counties and the data were analysed retrospectively. All cases had isolation of GBS from a normally sterile site. Cases of cellulitis were classified based on clinical diagnosis. GBS bone or joint infection was defined as isolation of GBS from a bone or joint or a diagnosis of osteomyelitis or septic arthritis. Medical charts were reviewed for demographic and clinical information. There were 3917 cases of GBS; the incidence of disease increased from 5\u00b78 to 8\u00b73 cases\/100 000 persons (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0\u00b7001) from 1995 to 2012. In adults aged \u2a7e40 years, the overall incidence of GBS increased from 8\u00b75 to 14\u00b72 cases\/100 000 (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0\u00b7001) persons during the study period. The incidence of cellulitis increased from 1\u00b76 to 3\u00b78 cases\/100 000 (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0\u00b7001), bone infection increased from 0\u00b77 to 2\u00b76 cases\/100 000 (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0\u00b7001), and the incidence of joint infection remained approximately constant at an average rate of 1\u00b70 case\/100 000. The highest incidence rates were observed in men, persons aged \u2a7e80 years, non-Hispanic blacks and Hispanics. Diabetes was the most common underlying condition (51\u00b72% cellulitis cases, 76\u00b73% bone infections, 29\u00b78% joint infections).<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0950268815000606","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,4,1]],"date-time":"2015-04-01T18:42:19Z","timestamp":1427913739000},"page":"3343-3350","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Group B streptococcus infections of soft tissue and bone in California adults, 1995\u20132012"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"143","author":[{"given":"E. M.","family":"SMITH","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M. A.","family":"KHAN","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"REINGOLD","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J. 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