{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,15]],"date-time":"2025-10-15T17:37:06Z","timestamp":1760549826513,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,14]],"date-time":"2015-08-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1439510400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Epidemiol. Infect."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>SUMMARY<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study aimed to analyse the existence of an association between social class (categorized by type of occupation) and the occurrence of A(H1N1)pmd09 infection and hospitalization for two seasons (2009\u20132010 and 2010\u20132011). This multicentre study compared ambulatory A(H1N1)pmd09 confirmed cases with ambulatory controls to measure risk of infection, and with hospitalized A(H1N1)pmd09 confirmed cases to asses hospitalization risk. Study variables were: age, marital status, tobacco and alcohol use, pregnancy, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, chronic respiratory failure, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, chronic liver disease, body mass index &gt;40, systemic corticosteroid treatment and influenza vaccination status. Occupation was registered literally and coded into manual and non-manual worker occupational social class groups. A conditional logistic regression analysis was performed. There were 720 hospitalized cases, 996 ambulatory cases and 1062 ambulatory controls included in the study. No relationship between occupational social class and A(H1N1)pmd09 infection was found [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 0\u00b797, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0\u00b774\u20131\u00b727], but an association (aOR 1\u00b753, 95% CI 1\u00b701\u20132\u00b731) between occupational class and hospitalization for A(H1N1)pmd09 was observed. Influenza vaccination was a protective factor for A(H1N1)pmd09 infection (aOR 0\u00b741, 95% CI 0\u00b723\u20130\u00b773) but not for hospitalization. We conclude that manual workers have the highest risk of hospitalization when infected by influenza than other occupations but they do not have a different probability of being infected by influenza.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0950268815001892","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,14]],"date-time":"2015-08-14T09:02:07Z","timestamp":1439542927000},"page":"732-740","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Social class based on occupation is associated with hospitalization for A(H1N1)pdm09 infection. Comparison between hospitalized and ambulatory cases"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"144","author":[{"given":"J.","family":"PUJOL","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"P.","family":"GODOY","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"N.","family":"SOLDEVILA","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"CASTILLA","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0879-5798","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"F.","family":"GONZ\u00c1LEZ-CANDELAS","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J. M.","family":"MAYORAL","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"ASTRAY","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"GARCIA","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"V.","family":"MARTIN","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"TAMAMES","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"DELGADO","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"DOM\u00cdNGUEZ","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"name":"the CIBERESP Cases and Controls in Pandemic Influenza Working Group","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0950268815001892_ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268812001148"},{"key":"S0950268815001892_ref17","first-page":"3","article-title":"Risk factors on influenza (H1N1) 2009 hospitalisation and effectiveness of pharmaceutical and nonpharmaceutical interventions and its prevention. A case-control study","volume":"85","author":"Dom\u00ednguez","year":"2011","journal-title":"Revista Espa\u00f1ola de Salud P\u00fablica"},{"key":"S0950268815001892_ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(11)61780-7"},{"key":"S0950268815001892_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jech.54.12.923"},{"key":"S0950268815001892_ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1811.120720"},{"key":"S0950268815001892_ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0070082"},{"key":"S0950268815001892_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0212-6567(03)79254-3"},{"journal-title":"The Measurement of Social Class in Health Sciences","year":"1995","author":"\u00c1lvarez-Dardet","key":"S0950268815001892_ref11"},{"volume-title":"The Coming Plague","year":"1994","author":"Garrett","key":"S0950268815001892_ref2"},{"key":"S0950268815001892_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0017207"},{"key":"S0950268815001892_ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13524-013-0253-x"},{"key":"S0950268815001892_ref10","first-page":"132","volume":"25","author":"Domingo-Salvany","year":"2000","journal-title":"Proposal for a social class measure. Atenci\u00f3n Primaria"},{"key":"S0950268815001892_ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/JOM.0b013e3181fd32e4"},{"key":"S0950268815001892_ref4","first-page":"453","article-title":"Update: novel influenza A (H1N1) virus infections \u2013 worldwide, 6 May 2009","volume":"58","year":"2009","journal-title":"Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report"},{"key":"S0950268815001892_ref19","unstructured":"World Health Organisation. Global database on Body Mass Index. BMI classification (http:\/\/apps.who.int\/bmi\/index.jsp?introPage=intro_3.html). Accessed 21 January 2009."},{"key":"S0950268815001892_ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.f5061"},{"key":"S0950268815001892_ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.2807\/ese.16.02.19763-en","article-title":"Effectiveness of pandemic and seasonal influenza vaccine in preventing pandemic influenza A(H1N1) 2009 infection in England and Scotland 2009\u20132010","volume":"16","author":"Hardelid","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eurosurveillance"},{"key":"S0950268815001892_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archinternmed.2010.20"},{"key":"S0950268815001892_ref5","unstructured":"European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control. Surveillance and studies in a pandemic in Europe. Technical Report, Stockholm, 2009."},{"key":"S0950268815001892_ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1001053"},{"key":"S0950268815001892_ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0027622"},{"key":"S0950268815001892_ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-26577-1_7"},{"key":"S0950268815001892_ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0048806"},{"key":"S0950268815001892_ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0033139"},{"key":"S0950268815001892_ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurpub\/ckt073"},{"key":"S0950268815001892_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1890\/08-0079.1"},{"key":"S0950268815001892_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10995-012-1134-4"},{"key":"S0950268815001892_ref1","first-page":"241","article-title":"Ten great public health achievements \u2013 United States, 1900\u20131999, control of infectious diseases","volume":"12","year":"1999","journal-title":"Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report"},{"key":"S0950268815001892_ref20","unstructured":"Clasificaci\u00f3n Nacional de Ocupaciones 2011 (CNO2011). Madrid: Instituto Nacional de Estad\u00edstica, 2011."},{"key":"S0950268815001892_ref12","first-page":"320","volume":"3","author":"Domingo-Salvany","year":"1989","journal-title":"Proposal for an indicator of \u2018social class\u2019 based on occupation. Gaceta Sanitaria"},{"key":"S0950268815001892_ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0039437"},{"key":"S0950268815001892_ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gaceta.2012.12.009"}],"container-title":["Epidemiology and Infection"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S0950268815001892","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,20]],"date-time":"2022-05-20T12:21:15Z","timestamp":1653049275000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S0950268815001892\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,14]]},"references-count":32,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,3]]}},"alternative-id":["S0950268815001892"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s0950268815001892","relation":{},"ISSN":["0950-2688","1469-4409"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0950-2688"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1469-4409"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,14]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 Cambridge University Press 2015\u00a0","name":"license","label":"License","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}}]}}