{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T19:38:21Z","timestamp":1790105901669,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,14]],"date-time":"2015-09-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1442188800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Epidemiol. Infect."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>SUMMARY<\/jats:title><jats:p>Although the incidence of invasive group A streptococcal disease in northern Australia is very high, little is known of the regional epidemiology and molecular characteristics. We conducted a case series of Northern Territory residents reported between 2011 and 2013 with<jats:italic>Streptococcus pyogenes<\/jats:italic>isolates from a normally sterile site. Of the 128 reported episodes, the incidence was disproportionately high in the Indigenous population at 69\u00b77\/100 000 compared to 8\u00b78\/100 000 in the non-Indigenous population. Novel to the Northern Territory is the extremely high incidence in haemodialysis patients of 2205\u00b79\/100 000 population; and for whom targeted infection control measures could prevent transmission. The incidences in the tropical north and semi-arid Central Australian regions were similar. Case fatality was 8% (10\/128) and streptococcal toxic shock syndrome occurred in 14 (11%) episodes. Molecular typing of 82 isolates identified 28<jats:italic>emm<\/jats:italic>types, of which 63 (77%) were represented by four<jats:italic>emm<\/jats:italic>clusters. Typing confirmed transmission between infant twins. While the diverse range of<jats:italic>emm<\/jats:italic>types presents a challenge for effective coverage by vaccine formulations, the limited number of<jats:italic>emm<\/jats:italic>clusters raises optimism should cluster-specific cross-protection prove efficacious. Further studies are required to determine effectiveness of chemoprophylaxis for contacts and to inform public health response.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0950268815002010","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,14]],"date-time":"2015-09-14T06:40:52Z","timestamp":1442212852000},"page":"1018-1027","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":55,"title":["High burden of invasive group A streptococcal disease in the Northern Territory of Australia"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"144","author":[{"given":"R.","family":"BOYD","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"PATEL","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"B. J.","family":"CURRIE","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D. 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The health and welfare of Australia's Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people 2011. (http:\/\/www.aihw.gov.au\/WorkArea\/DownloadAsset.aspx?id=10737418955&libID=10737418954.). 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