{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]],"date-time":"2026-07-29T15:01:02Z","timestamp":1785337262125,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,23]],"date-time":"2015-11-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1448236800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Epidemiol. Infect."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>SUMMARY<\/jats:title><jats:p>One of the largest and longest<jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic>outbreaks in Germany within the last 10 years occurred in central Germany in 2013. To identify vehicles of infection, we analysed surveillance data, conducted a case-control study and food traceback. We identified 267 cases infected with<jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic>Infantis with symptom onset between 16 April and 26 October 2013 in four neighbouring federal states. Results of our study indicated that cases were more likely to have eaten raw minced pork from local butcher's shops [odds ratio (OR) 2\u00b75, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1\u00b71\u20135\u00b78] and have taken gastric acid-reducing or -neutralizing medication (OR 3\u00b78, 95% CI 1\u00b73\u201313) than controls. The outbreak was traced back to contaminated raw pork products found in different butcher's shops supplied by one slaughterhouse, to pigs at one farm and to an animal feed producer. Characterization of isolates of human, food, animal, feed, and environmental origin by phage-typing and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis confirmed the chain of infection. Insufficient hygiene standards in the slaughterhouse were the most probable cause of the ongoing transmission. We recommend that persons taking gastric acid suppressants should refrain from consuming raw pork products. Improving and maintaining adequate hygiene standards and process controls during slaughter is important to prevent future outbreaks.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0950268815002629","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,23]],"date-time":"2015-11-23T08:59:59Z","timestamp":1448269199000},"page":"1429-1439","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["A prolonged outbreak of<i>Salmonella<\/i>Infantis associated with pork products in central Germany, April\u2013October 2013"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"144","author":[{"given":"S.","family":"SCHROEDER","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"HARRIES","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R.","family":"PRAGER","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"H\u00d6FIG","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"B.","family":"AHRENS","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L.","family":"HOFFMANN","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"W.","family":"RABSCH","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"E.","family":"MERTENS","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D.","family":"RIMEK","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0950268815002629_ref14","first-page":"257","article-title":"Prevalence of Salmonella Infantis in Germany [in German]","volume":"31","year":"2008","journal-title":"Epidemiological Bulletin"},{"key":"S0950268815002629_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0168-1605(96)01114-2"},{"key":"S0950268815002629_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1017\/S095026881300037X","article-title":"Typing of Salmonella enterica serovar Infantis isolates from 51 outbreaks in Germany between 1974 and 2009 by a novel phage-typing scheme","volume":"142","author":"Miller","year":"2014","journal-title":"Epidemiology and Infection"},{"key":"S0950268815002629_ref15","first-page":"175","volume-title":"Annual report on epidemiology of notifiable infectious diseases, 2013 [in German]","year":"2014"},{"key":"S0950268815002629_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/fpd.2011.1038"},{"key":"S0950268815002629_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2014.02.002"},{"key":"S0950268815002629_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.244.5.545"},{"key":"S0950268815002629_ref10","first-page":"1","article-title":"Report of the Task Force on Zoonoses data collection on the analysis of the baseline survey on the prevalence of salmonella in slaughter pigs, Part B","volume":"206","year":"2008","journal-title":"EFSA Journal"},{"key":"S0950268815002629_ref1","first-page":"3547","article-title":"European Food Safety Authority and European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control: The European Union summary report on trends and sources of zoonoses, zoonotic agents and food-borne outbreaks in 2012","volume":"12","year":"2014","journal-title":"EFSA Journal"},{"key":"S0950268815002629_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1205.050854"},{"key":"S0950268815002629_ref18","unstructured":"Anon. 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