{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,21]],"date-time":"2025-02-21T11:01:23Z","timestamp":1740135683333,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,23]],"date-time":"2015-11-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1448236800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Epidemiol. Infect."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>SUMMARY<\/jats:title><jats:p>The community burden of enterovirus is often monitored through syndromic monitoring systems based on reported cases of enterovirus-related infection (EVI) diagnoses. The extent to which this is affected by under- and over-diagnosis has not been reported. In Taiwan, children often make more than one healthcare visit during an episode of infection. We used change of diagnosis within an episode of infection as a guide of diagnostic uncertainty in a nationally representative cohort of Taiwanese children (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 13 284) followed from birth to the 9th birthday through electronic health records. We conducted a nested case-control analysis and estimated cross-diagnosis ratios (CDRs) as the observed proportion of acute respiratory infection (ARI) diagnoses following an EVI diagnosis in excess of background ARI burdens. With 19 357 EVI diagnoses in this cohort, the CDR within 7 days was 1\u00b751 (95% confidence interval 1\u00b745\u20131\u00b757), confirming a significant excess of ARI diagnoses within the week following an EVI diagnosis. We used age-specific CDRs to calibrate the weekly EVI burden in children aged 3\u20135 years in 2008, and the difference between observed and calibrated weekly EVI burdens was small. Therefore, there was evidence suggesting a small uncertainty in EVI diagnosis, but the observed EVI burdens through syndromic monitoring were not substantially affected by the small uncertainty.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0950268815002988","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,23]],"date-time":"2015-11-23T03:59:38Z","timestamp":1448251178000},"page":"1512-1519","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Diagnostic uncertainty of herpangina and hand-foot-and-mouth disease and its impact on national enterovirus syndromic monitoring"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"144","author":[{"given":"T. O.","family":"YANG","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4344-9567","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"W.-T.","family":"HUANG","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M.-H.","family":"CHEN","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"P.-C.","family":"CHEN","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0950268815002988_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(13)70342-6"},{"key":"S0950268815002988_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1469-0691.12753"},{"key":"S0950268815002988_ref2","unstructured":"Taiwan Centers for Disease Control. Notifiable infectious diseases statistics system (herpangina and hand, foot, and mouth disease) (http:\/\/nidss.cdc.gov.tw\/RODS_5.aspx). Accessed 16 November 2014."},{"key":"S0950268815002988_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph110100312"},{"key":"S0950268815002988_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2014.13256"},{"key":"S0950268815002988_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-14-417"},{"key":"S0950268815002988_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3402\/ehtj.v6i0.20632"},{"key":"S0950268815002988_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4161\/hv.27087"},{"key":"S0950268815002988_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/jmm.0.068247-0"},{"key":"S0950268815002988_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(10)70209-X"},{"key":"S0950268815002988_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1908.130496"},{"key":"S0950268815002988_ref14","unstructured":"WHO Health Statistics and Information Systems. Metrics: population attributable fraction (PAF) (http:\/\/www.who.int\/healthinfo\/global_burden_disease\/metrics_paf\/en\/). Accessed 16 November 2014."},{"key":"S0950268815002988_ref15","article-title":"Epidemiology of acute respiratory infections in children in Guangzhou: a three-year study","volume":"9","author":"Liu","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"S0950268815002988_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2014.06.015"},{"key":"S0950268815002988_ref1","unstructured":"National Institute of Infectious Diseases (Japan). NESID Annual Surveillance Data Sentinel-Reporting Diseases 2012-2 (http:\/\/www.nih.go.jp\/niid\/en\/all-surveillance\/2085-idwr\/ydata\/4341-report-eb2012-2.html). Accessed 16 November 2014."},{"key":"S0950268815002988_ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiu327"}],"container-title":["Epidemiology and Infection"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S0950268815002988","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,19]],"date-time":"2019-04-19T15:02:30Z","timestamp":1555686150000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S0950268815002988\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,23]]},"references-count":16,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,5]]}},"alternative-id":["S0950268815002988"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s0950268815002988","relation":{},"ISSN":["0950-2688","1469-4409"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0950-2688"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1469-4409"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,23]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 Cambridge University Press 2015\u00a0","name":"license","label":"License","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}}]}}