{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T01:17:15Z","timestamp":1790212635856,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,20]],"date-time":"2017-02-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1487548800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Epidemiol. Infect."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>SUMMARY<\/jats:title><jats:p>Leptospirosis is a zoonotic disease that the pathogen can be transmitted to humans through the excretions of infected animals. In the Republic of Korea, the Livestock Manure Control Act was enforced in September 2007 to improve underground water hygiene. The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of Livestock Manure Control Policy on the incidence and the trend of human leptospirosis. An interrupted time series analysis using the monthly incidence of leptospirosis was conducted based on data derived from the Korean National Surveillance System between January 1999 and January 2015. We used a Spearman correlation method to compare the level of leptospirosis incidence decrease between the metropolitan cities and rural provinces. The annual incidence of leptospirosis in South Korea decreased by 33% after policy enforcement of the policy. A significant change in the slope of human leptospirosis cases was observed after the policy enforcement (<jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic> = \u22120\u00b709, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0\u00b7001). Moreover, we detected a clear association between the size of the rice paddy fields and the decrease in leptospirosis incidence in provinces (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic> = 0\u00b7817, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0\u00b701). This study shows that the Livestock Manure Control Policy had significantly reduced human leptospirosis incidence in the Republic of Korea, in particular, in rural regions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0950268817000218","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,20]],"date-time":"2017-02-20T04:24:29Z","timestamp":1487564669000},"page":"1320-1325","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["The impact of Livestock Manure Control Policy on human leptospirosis in Republic of Korea using interrupted time series analysis"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"145","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8915-8167","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"S.","family":"RYU","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C. L.","family":"LAU","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"B. 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Accessed 31 August 2016."},{"key":"S0950268817000218_ref10","first-page":"97","article-title":"Seroprevalence of human leptospirosis in representative population in Malaysia","volume":"19","author":"El Jalii","year":"2002","journal-title":"Tropical Biomedicine"},{"key":"S0950268817000218_ref24","first-page":"e01332128","article-title":"Effects of climate and rodent factors on hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome in Chongqing, China, 1997\u20132008","volume":"10","author":"Bai","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"S0950268817000218_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2015.02.010"},{"key":"S0950268817000218_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1755-7682-6-23"},{"key":"S0950268817000218_ref11","first-page":"113","article-title":"A review of human leptospirosis in Malaysia","volume":"21","author":"El Jalii","year":"2004","journal-title":"Tropical Biomedicine"},{"key":"S0950268817000218_ref21","first-page":"13","article-title":"Quality control for commercial compost in Korea","volume":"503","author":"Um","year":"2001","journal-title":"Extension Bulletin Food and Fertilizer Technology Center"},{"key":"S0950268817000218_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268815000515"},{"key":"S0950268817000218_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1292\/jvms.12-0568"},{"key":"S0950268817000218_ref19","volume-title":"Infectious Diseases Surveillance Yearbook","year":"2013"},{"key":"S0950268817000218_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trstmh.2010.07.002"},{"key":"S0950268817000218_ref16","first-page":"1","article-title":"How to do (or not to do)\u2026 Assessing the impact of a policy change with routine longitudinal data","volume":"27","author":"Legarde","year":"2011","journal-title":"Health Policy and Planning"},{"key":"S0950268817000218_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2009.03.012"},{"key":"S0950268817000218_ref14","unstructured":"Param S . Health risk of unregulated farming activities. Malaysiakini 2010 (https:\/\/www.malaysiakini.com\/letters\/145673). Accessed 3 August 2016."},{"key":"S0950268817000218_ref15","unstructured":"Ministry of Government Legislation. Act on the management and use of livestock excreta (http:\/\/faolex.fao.org\/docs\/pdf\/kor137951.pdf). Accessed 3 August 2016."},{"key":"S0950268817000218_ref23","first-page":"69","article-title":"Impact of livestock-production wastewater on water pollution","volume":"2","author":"Choi","year":"1996","journal-title":"Journal of the Korean Society of Rural Planning"}],"container-title":["Epidemiology and Infection"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S0950268817000218","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,17]],"date-time":"2019-04-17T19:31:42Z","timestamp":1555529502000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S0950268817000218\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,20]]},"references-count":24,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,5]]}},"alternative-id":["S0950268817000218"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s0950268817000218","relation":{},"ISSN":["0950-2688","1469-4409"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0950-2688","type":"print"},{"value":"1469-4409","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,20]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 Cambridge University Press 2017\u00a0This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution licence (http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/), which permits unrestricted re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.","name":"license","label":"License","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}}]}}