{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,18]],"date-time":"2026-01-18T02:19:31Z","timestamp":1768702771232,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,9]],"date-time":"2017-03-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1489017600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Epidemiol. Infect."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>SUMMARY<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:italic>Giardia duodenalis<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Cryptosporidium<\/jats:italic> species are protozoan parasites capable of causing gastrointestinal disease in humans and animals through the ingestion of infective faeces. Whereas <jats:italic>Cryptosporidium<\/jats:italic> species can be acquired locally or through foreign travel, there is the mis-conception that giardiasis is considered to be largely travel-associated, which results in differences in laboratory testing algorithms. In order to determine the level of variation in testing criteria and detection methods between diagnostic laboratories for both pathogens across Scotland, an audit was performed. Twenty Scottish diagnostic microbiology laboratories were invited to participate with questions on sample acceptance criteria, testing methods, testing rates and future plans for pathogen detection. Reponses were received from 19 of the 20 laboratories representing each of the 14 territorial Health Boards. Detection methods varied between laboratories with the majority performing microscopy, one using a lateral flow immunochromatographic antigen assay, another using a manually washed plate-based enzyme immunoassay (EIA) and one laboratory trialling a plate-based EIA automated with an EIA plate washer. Whereas all laboratories except one screened every stool for <jats:italic>Cryptosporidium<\/jats:italic> species, an important finding was that significant variation in the testing algorithm for detecting <jats:italic>Giardia<\/jats:italic> was noted with only four laboratories testing all diagnostic stools. The most common criteria were \u2018travel history\u2019 (11 laboratories) and\/or \u2018when requested\u2019 (14 laboratories). Despite only a small proportion of stools being examined in 15 laboratories for <jats:italic>Giardia<\/jats:italic> (2%\u201318% of the total number of stools submitted), of interest is the finding that a higher positivity rate was observed for <jats:italic>Giardia<\/jats:italic> than <jats:italic>Cryptosporidium<\/jats:italic> in 10 of these 15 laboratories. These findings highlight that the underreporting of <jats:italic>Giardia<\/jats:italic> in Scotland is likely based on current selection and testing algorithms.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0950268817000462","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,9]],"date-time":"2017-03-09T08:39:10Z","timestamp":1489048750000},"page":"1584-1590","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["An audit of <i>Cryptosporidium<\/i> and <i>Giardia<\/i> detection in Scottish National Health Service Diagnostic Microbiology Laboratories"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"145","author":[{"given":"C. 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