{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,13]],"date-time":"2026-05-13T21:01:40Z","timestamp":1778706100845,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,2]],"date-time":"2017-05-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1493683200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Epidemiol. Infect."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>SUMMARY<\/jats:title><jats:p>The purpose of this study was to describe prevalence and spatial distribution of <jats:italic>Coxiella burnetii<\/jats:italic> infections in dairy cow sheds in Latvia and to investigate risk factors contributing to <jats:italic>C. burnetii<\/jats:italic> infections. Blood serum samples from abortion cases from 1010 sheds have been tested by ELISA for the presence of <jats:italic>C. burnetii<\/jats:italic> antibodies and bulk tank milk (BTM) samples from 252 sheds have been tested by real time polymerase chain reaction and ELISA for the presence of <jats:italic>C. burnetii<\/jats:italic> DNA and antibodies. Prevalence of <jats:italic>C. burnetii<\/jats:italic> antibody-positive sheds in cases of abortion was 13\u00b74%. A total of 10\u00b77% and 13\u00b72% of dairy cow sheds tested positive for the presence of <jats:italic>C. burnetii<\/jats:italic> DNA and antibodies in BTM, respectively. Two distinct areas of clustering of test-positive dairy cattle sheds were identified by spatial scan statistics of abortion cases and randomly sampled BTM samples. Three factors were identified as significantly contributing to the risk of <jats:italic>C. burnetii<\/jats:italic> DNA presence in BTM \u2013 number of cattle in shed (&gt;200 animals\/shed) (OR 3\u00b793), location of the shed within risk area in Northern Latvia (OR 8\u00b729) and for the first time, purchasing cattle from abroad has been shown to significantly increase risk (OR 2\u00b768) of <jats:italic>C. burnetii<\/jats:italic> infection in dairy cows in Latvia.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0950268817000838","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,2]],"date-time":"2017-05-02T07:36:55Z","timestamp":1493710615000},"page":"2011-2019","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["<i>Coxiella burnetii<\/i> (Q fever) infection in dairy cattle and associated risk factors in Latvia"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"145","author":[{"given":"A.","family":"BORODUSKE","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"TROFIMOVA","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"KIBILDS","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"U.","family":"PAPULE","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"SERGEJEVA","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"I.","family":"RODZE","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6383-7700","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"L.","family":"GRANTINA-IEVINA","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0950268817000838_ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.149.22.669"},{"key":"S0950268817000838_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1905.121489"},{"key":"S0950268817000838_ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1751-0147-56-39"},{"key":"S0950268817000838_ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2011.03.007"},{"key":"S0950268817000838_ref29","unstructured":"Husson F , FactoMineR: multivariate exploratory data analysis and data mining with R. 2014. R package version 1.32. (http:\/\/CRAN.R-project.org\/package=FactoMineR). Accessed Januray 2016."},{"key":"S0950268817000838_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-695X.2011.00876.x"},{"key":"S0950268817000838_ref37","unstructured":"Finnish Food Safety Authority (EVIRA) website (http:\/\/www.evira.fi\/portal\/\/en\/animals\/current+issues\/archive\/?bid=1744). Accessed 6 March 2016."},{"key":"S0950268817000838_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2003.131111"},{"key":"S0950268817000838_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0048949"},{"key":"S0950268817000838_ref28","unstructured":"Latvian Environment, Geology and Meteorology centre database (http:\/\/www.meteo.lv\/meteorologija-datu-meklesana\/?nid=461). Accessed December 2015."},{"key":"S0950268817000838_ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/03610929708831995"},{"key":"S0950268817000838_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.07323-11"},{"key":"S0950268817000838_ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2011-4721"},{"key":"S0950268817000838_ref26","unstructured":"QGIS Development Team. QGIS geographic information system. Open source geospatial foundation project 2015. (http:\/\/qgis.osgeo.org). Accessed January 2016."},{"key":"S0950268817000838_ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268809002854"},{"key":"S0950268817000838_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2009.03062.x"},{"key":"S0950268817000838_ref1","first-page":"111","article-title":"The European Union summary report on trends and sources of zoonoses, zoonotic agents and food-borne outbreaks in 2013","volume":"13","year":"2015","journal-title":"EFSA Journal"},{"key":"S0950268817000838_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268807009533"},{"key":"S0950268817000838_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-10-69"},{"key":"S0950268817000838_ref4","first-page":"321","article-title":"Q fever outbreak in Cheltenham, United Kingdom, in 2007 and the use of dispersion modelling to investigate the possibility of airborne spread","volume":"15","author":"Wallensten","year":"2010","journal-title":"Euro Surveillance \u2013 European Communicable Disease Bulletin"},{"key":"S0950268817000838_ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1746-6148-8-59"},{"key":"S0950268817000838_ref6","first-page":"222","article-title":"Q fever-selected issues","volume":"20","author":"Bielawska-Dr\u00f3zd","year":"2013","journal-title":"Annals of Agricultural and Environmental Medicine"},{"key":"S0950268817000838_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.03472-12"},{"key":"S0950268817000838_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4081\/gh.2014.36"},{"key":"S0950268817000838_ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prevetmed.2012.05.015"},{"key":"S0950268817000838_ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13028-014-0046-2"},{"key":"S0950268817000838_ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prevetmed.2014.08.016"},{"key":"S0950268817000838_ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1751-0147-55-80"},{"key":"S0950268817000838_ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1051\/vetres:2007038"},{"key":"S0950268817000838_ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268814003926"},{"key":"S0950268817000838_ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09603123.2011.574270"},{"key":"S0950268817000838_ref22","unstructured":"Agriculture Data Centre Republic of Latvia database (http:\/\/www.ldc.gov.lv\/en). Accessed January 2016."},{"key":"S0950268817000838_ref23","first-page":"234","article-title":"The European Union summary report on trends and sources of zoonoses, zoonotic agents and food-borne outbreaks in 2012","volume":"12","year":"2014","journal-title":"EFSA Journal"},{"key":"S0950268817000838_ref24","unstructured":"Kulldorff M and Information Management Services. Inc. SaTScan\u2122 v. 8.0: software for the spatial and spacetime scan statistics 2009. (http:\/\/www.satscan.org\/). Accessed December 2015."},{"key":"S0950268817000838_ref27","unstructured":"MedCalc. MedCalc Software bvba, Ostend, Belgium. (https:\/\/www.medcalc.org). Accessed October 2016."},{"key":"S0950268817000838_ref30","volume-title":"R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing"},{"key":"S0950268817000838_ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/bvip-2015-0071"}],"container-title":["Epidemiology and Infection"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S0950268817000838","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,20]],"date-time":"2019-08-20T08:23:10Z","timestamp":1566289390000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S0950268817000838\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,2]]},"references-count":37,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,7]]}},"alternative-id":["S0950268817000838"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s0950268817000838","relation":{},"ISSN":["0950-2688","1469-4409"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0950-2688","type":"print"},{"value":"1469-4409","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 Cambridge University Press 2017\u00a0","name":"license","label":"License","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}}]}}