{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,31]],"date-time":"2026-07-31T11:55:03Z","timestamp":1785498903442,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"16","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,6]],"date-time":"2017-11-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1509926400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Epidemiol. Infect."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>SUMMARY<\/jats:title><jats:p>We conducted a hospital-based cross-sectional study among children aged &lt;5 years in Thi-Qar Governorate, south-eastern Iraq, in order to examine the prevalence, risk factors and antimicrobial resistance associated with gastroenteritis caused by<jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic>infection. From 320 diarrhoea cases enrolled between March and August 2016, 33 (10\u00b73%, 95% confidence interval (CI) 8\u00b74\u201312\u00b74) cases were stool culture-positive for non-typhoidal<jats:italic>Salmonella enterica<\/jats:italic>. The most commonly identified serovar was Typhimurium (54%). Multivariable logistic regression analysis indicated that the odds of<jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic>infection in children from households supplied by pipe water was 4\u00b77 (95% CI 1\u00b76\u201313\u00b79) times higher compared with those supplied with reverse osmosis treated water. Similarly, children from households with domestic animals were found to have a higher odds (OR 10\u00b75; 95% CI 3\u00b78\u201328\u00b74) of being<jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic>stool culture-positive. The likelihood of<jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic>infection was higher (OR 3\u00b79; 95% CI 1\u00b70\u20136\u00b74) among children belonging to caregiver with primary<jats:italic>vs<\/jats:italic>. tertiary education levels. Lower odds (OR 0\u00b74; 95% CI 0\u00b71\u20130\u00b79) of<jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic>infection were associated with children exclusively breast fed as compared with those exclusively bottle fed.<jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic>infection was three times lower (95% CI 0\u00b71\u20130\u00b77) in children belonging to caregiver who reported always washing hands after cleaning children following defecation,<jats:italic>vs.<\/jats:italic>those belonging to caregivers who did not wash hands. The antimicrobial resistance profile by disc diffusion revealed that non-susceptibility to tetracycline (78\u00b78%), azithromycin (66\u00b77%) and ciprofloxacin (57\u00b76%) were the most commonly seen, and 84\u00b79% of<jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic>isolates were classified as multi-drug resistant. This is the first study on prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of<jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic>infection among children in this setting. This work provides specific epidemiological data which are crucial to understand and combat paediatric diarrhoea in Iraq.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0950268817002400","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,6]],"date-time":"2017-11-06T07:07:58Z","timestamp":1509952078000},"page":"3486-3496","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Prevalence, risk factors and antimicrobial resistance of<i>Salmonella<\/i>diarrhoeal infection among children in Thi-Qar Governorate, Iraq"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"145","author":[{"given":"A.","family":"HARB","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"O'DEA","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Z. 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