{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,12]],"date-time":"2026-03-12T04:10:04Z","timestamp":1773288604649,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,6]],"date-time":"2017-12-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1512518400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Epidemiol. Infect."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>SUMMARY<\/jats:title><jats:p>We describe the investigation of two temporally coincident illness clusters involving salmonella and<jats:italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic>in two states. Cases were defined as gastrointestinal illness following two meal events. Investigators interviewed ill persons. Stool, food and environmental samples underwent pathogen testing.<jats:italic>Alabama<\/jats:italic>: Eighty cases were identified. Median time from meal to illness was 5\u00b78 h.<jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic>Heidelberg was identified from 27 of 28 stool specimens tested, and coagulase-positive<jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic>was isolated from three of 16 ill persons. Environmental investigation indicated that food handling deficiencies occurred.<jats:italic>Colorado<\/jats:italic>: Seven cases were identified. Median time from meal to illness was 4\u00b75 h. Five persons were hospitalised, four of whom were admitted to the intensive care unit.<jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic>Heidelberg was identified in six of seven stool specimens and coagulase-positive<jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic>in three of six tested. No single food item was implicated in either outbreak. These two outbreaks were linked to infection with<jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic>Heidelberg, but additional factors, such as dual aetiology that included<jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic>or the dose of salmonella ingested may have contributed to the short incubation periods and high illness severity. The outbreaks underscore the importance of measures to prevent foodborne illness through appropriate washing, handling, preparation and storage of food.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0950268817002655","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,6]],"date-time":"2017-12-06T08:34:24Z","timestamp":1512549264000},"page":"19-27","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Unusually high illness severity and short incubation periods in two foodborne outbreaks of<i>Salmonella<\/i>Heidelberg infections with potential coincident<i>Staphylococcus aureus<\/i>intoxication"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"146","author":[{"given":"J. H.","family":"NAKAO","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"D.","family":"TALKINGTON","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"C. A.","family":"BOPP","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"BESSER","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M. L.","family":"SANCHEZ","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"GUARISCO","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S. L.","family":"DAVIDSON","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"C.","family":"WARNER","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M. G.","family":"McINTYRE","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J. P.","family":"GROUP","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"N.","family":"COMSTOCK","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"K.","family":"XAVIER","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"T. S.","family":"PINSENT","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"BROWN","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J. M.","family":"DOUGLAS","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"G. A.","family":"GOMEZ","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"N. M.","family":"GARRETT","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"H. A.","family":"CARLETON","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"B.","family":"TOLAR","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M. E.","family":"WISE","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0950268817002655_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cis051"},{"key":"S0950268817002655_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S095026880005737X"},{"key":"S0950268817002655_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a113813"},{"key":"S0950268817002655_ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mnfr.200400055"},{"key":"S0950268817002655_ref3","first-page":"534","volume-title":"Control of Communicable Diseases Manual","author":"Heymann","year":"2008"},{"key":"S0950268817002655_ref30","unstructured":"Rogers HS , Short incubation foodborne outbreaks [abstract 61453]. Presented at: the 131st Annual Meeting of American Public Health Association, 2003 (https:\/\/www.aphl.org\/conferences\/proceedings\/Documents\/2006_2nd_Annual_National_Foodborne_Epidemiologists_Meeting\/30_Rogers_Etiologies.pdf). Accessed 9 December 2016."},{"key":"S0950268817002655_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a116449"},{"key":"S0950268817002655_ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa055356"},{"key":"S0950268817002655_ref32","unstructured":"United States Department of Agriculture Food Safety Inspection Service. Washing food: does it promote food safety? (http:\/\/www.fsis.usda.gov\/wps\/portal\/fsis\/topics\/food-safety-education\/get-answers\/food-safety-fact-sheets\/safe-food-handling\/w85ashing-food-does-it-promote-ood-safety\/washing-food). Accessed 8 October 2016."},{"key":"S0950268817002655_ref23","first-page":"63","article-title":"Staphylococcus aureus and food poisoning","volume":"2","author":"Le Loir","year":"2003","journal-title":"Genetics and Molecular Research"},{"key":"S0950268817002655_ref1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Surveillance for foodborne disease outbreaks \u2013 United States, 1998\u20132008","volume":"62","author":"Gould","year":"2013","journal-title":"Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report"},{"key":"S0950268817002655_ref33","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Be food safe: protect yourself from food poisoning, 2013 (http:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/Features\/befoodsafe\/) Accessed 8 October 2016."},{"key":"S0950268817002655_ref19","volume-title":"National Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring System for Enteric Bacteria (NARMS): Human Isolates Surveillance Report for 2014 (Final Report)","year":"2016"},{"key":"S0950268817002655_ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins2071751"},{"key":"S0950268817002655_ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2393","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.32.10.2393-2397.1994","article-title":"Detection of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli in stool samples by using nonradioactively labeled oligonucleotide DNA probes and PCR","volume":"32","author":"Schultsz","year":"1994","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Microbiology"},{"key":"S0950268817002655_ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"598","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.36.2.598-602.1998","article-title":"Detection and characterization of Shiga toxigenic Escherichia coli by using multiplex PCR assays for stx1, stx2, eaeA, enterohemorrhagic E. coli hlyA, rfbO111, and rfbO157","volume":"36","author":"Paton","year":"1998","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Microbiology"},{"key":"S0950268817002655_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/00365549709008662"},{"key":"S0950268817002655_ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268807008199"},{"key":"S0950268817002655_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1701.P11101"},{"key":"S0950268817002655_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/fpd.2006.3.59"},{"key":"S0950268817002655_ref10","first-page":"240","volume-title":"Control of Communicable Diseases Manual","author":"Heymann","year":"2008"},{"key":"S0950268817002655_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cit244"},{"key":"S0950268817002655_ref12","volume-title":"Identification and Serotyping of Salmonella","author":"Brenner","year":"1998"},{"key":"S0950268817002655_ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4315\/0362-028X-68.3.636"},{"key":"S0950268817002655_ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.02577-16"},{"key":"S0950268817002655_ref22","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Foodborne outbreak online database (http:\/\/wwwn.cdc.gov\/foodborneoutbreaks). Accessed 8 October 2016."},{"key":"S0950268817002655_ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins2082117"},{"key":"S0950268817002655_ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12026-014-8538-8"},{"key":"S0950268817002655_ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2011.06.008"},{"key":"S0950268817002655_ref31","unstructured":"United States Department of Agriculture Food Safety Inspection Service. Check your steps: food safe families (http:\/\/www.fsis.usda.gov\/wps\/portal\/fsis\/topics\/food-safety-education\/teach-others\/fsis-educational-campaigns\/check-your-steps). Accessed 8 October 2016."},{"key":"S0950268817002655_ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.mcg.0000212620.20079.34"},{"key":"S0950268817002655_ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.41.11.5113-5120.2003"},{"key":"S0950268817002655_ref34","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. National Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring System for Enteric Bacteria (NARMS) (http:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/narms\/). Accessed 8 October 2016."},{"key":"S0950268817002655_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268800050366"}],"container-title":["Epidemiology and Infection"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S0950268817002655","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,23]],"date-time":"2020-10-23T21:39:08Z","timestamp":1603489148000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S0950268817002655\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,6]]},"references-count":34,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,1]]}},"alternative-id":["S0950268817002655"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s0950268817002655","relation":{},"ISSN":["0950-2688","1469-4409"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0950-2688","type":"print"},{"value":"1469-4409","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 Cambridge University Press 2017\u00a0","name":"license","label":"License","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}}]}}