{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,21]],"date-time":"2025-02-21T11:01:53Z","timestamp":1740135713366,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,4]],"date-time":"2017-12-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1512345600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Epidemiol. Infect."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>SUMMARY<\/jats:title><jats:p>In June 2016, a<jats:italic>Salmonella enterica<\/jats:italic>serovar Enteritidis outbreak (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>= 56) occurred after a christening reception in Central Greece, mainly affecting previously healthy adults; one related death caused media attention. Patients suffered from profuse diarrhoea, fever and frequent vomiting episodes requiring prolonged hospitalisation and sick leave from work, with a 54% hospital admission rate. The majority of cases experienced serious illness within &lt;12 h of attending the party. We investigated the outbreak to identify the source(s) of infection and contributing factors to the disease severity. From the retrospective cohort study, the cheesy penne pasta was the most likely vehicle of infection (relative risk 7\u00b78; 95% confidence interval 3\u00b76\u201316\u00b78), explaining 79% of the cases.<jats:italic>S. enterica<\/jats:italic>ser. Enteritidis isolates were typed as phage-type PT8, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis type XbaI.0024, multiple locus variable-number tandem repeat analysis-type 2-9-7-3-2. The strain did not share the single-nucleotide polymorphism address of the concurrent European<jats:italic>S. enterica<\/jats:italic>ser. Enteritidis PT8 outbreak clusters. Following five consecutive years with no documented<jats:italic>S. enterica<\/jats:italic>ser. Enteritidis outbreaks in Greece, this outbreak, likely associated with a virulent strain, prompted actions towards the enhancement of the national<jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic>molecular surveillance and control programmes including the intensification of training of food handlers for preventing similar outbreaks in the future. Advanced molecular techniques were useful in distinguishing unrelated outbreak strains.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0950268817002667","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,4]],"date-time":"2017-12-04T05:27:08Z","timestamp":1512365228000},"page":"28-36","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["A severe gastroenteritis outbreak of<i>Salmonella enterica<\/i>serovar Enteritidis PT8, with PFGE profile XbaI.0024 and MLVA profile 2-9-7-3-2 following a christening reception, Greece, 2016"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"146","author":[{"given":"G.","family":"MANDILARA","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"C. M.","family":"VASSALOS","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"CHRISOSTOMOU","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"K.","family":"KARADIMAS","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"E.","family":"MATHIOUDAKI","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9559-7476","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"T.","family":"GEORGAKOPOULOU","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"TSIODRAS","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"K.","family":"MELLOU","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0950268817002667_ref37","first-page":"161","article-title":"Salmonella phage types distribution in the Czech Republic in 1991\u20131994","volume":"3","author":"Karpiskova","year":"1995","journal-title":"Central European Journal Public Health"},{"key":"S0950268817002667_ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2009.03.011"},{"volume-title":"EU Protocol for Harmonized Monitoring of Antimicrobial Resistance in Human Salmonella and Campylobacter Isolates \u2013 June 2016","year":"2016","key":"S0950268817002667_ref10"},{"volume-title":"The European Surveillance System (TESSy) [Database]","year":"2016","key":"S0950268817002667_ref13"},{"volume-title":"Laboratory Standard Operating Procedure for Multiple-locus Variable-Number Tandem Repeat Analysis of Salmonella enterica SEROTYPE ENTERITIDIS. [Technical document]","year":"2016","key":"S0950268817002667_ref14"},{"key":"S0950268817002667_ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268807008102"},{"key":"S0950268817002667_ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1741-7015-2-32"},{"key":"S0950268817002667_ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.02577-16"},{"key":"S0950268817002667_ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.3644"},{"volume-title":"Standard Operating Procedure for PulseNet PFGE of Escherichia coli O157:H7, Escherichia coli non-O157 (STEC), Salmonella serotypes, Shigella sonnei and Shigella flexneri","key":"S0950268817002667_ref12"},{"key":"S0950268817002667_ref3","first-page":"4329","article-title":"The European Union summary report on trends and sources of zoonoses, zoonotic agents and food-borne outbreaks in 2014","volume":"13","year":"2015","journal-title":"EFSA Journal"},{"key":"S0950268817002667_ref34","first-page":"70","article-title":"Occurrence of phage types of nontyphoid Salmonella serovar in the Slovak Republic 2000\u20132003 [In Slovak]","volume":"53","author":"Majtanova","year":"2004","journal-title":"Epidemiologie Mikrobiologie Imunologie"},{"key":"S0950268817002667_ref8","unstructured":"ISO\/TR 6579-3:2014 (E). Microbiology of food and animal feed-Horizontal method for the detection, enumeration and serotyping of Salonella-Part3 Guidelines for serotyping of Salmonela. International Organization for Standardization, Geneva, Switzerland. Published: 31 July 2014."},{"key":"S0950268817002667_ref24","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Salmonella (non typhoidal). Fact sheet. Updated December 2016. Available from: http:\/\/www.who.int\/mediacentre\/factsheets\/fs139\/en\/."},{"key":"S0950268817002667_ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268812000726"},{"key":"S0950268817002667_ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268817001406"},{"key":"S0950268817002667_ref6","unstructured":"Hellenic Centre for Disease Control and Prevention. Annual salmonellosis report, 2015. Available from: http:\/\/www.keelpno.gr\/Portals\/0\/Files\/English%20files\/Reports%20(annual-periodical)\/Epidemiological%20data%20for%20Salmonellosis_2004-2015.pdf."},{"key":"S0950268817002667_ref17","unstructured":"ISO 6579:2002. Microbiology of food and animal feed-horizontal method for the detection of Salmonella spp. International Organization for Standardization, Geneva, Switzerland. Published: 15 July 2002."},{"key":"S0950268817002667_ref4","first-page":"4634","article-title":"The European Union summary report on trends and sources of zoonoses, zoonotic agents and food-borne outbreaks in 2015","volume":"14","year":"2016","journal-title":"EFSA Journal"},{"key":"S0950268817002667_ref26","first-page":"132","article-title":"Clinical and epidemiological description of severe outbreak of foodborne infection by Salmonella Enteritidis. [In Spanish]","volume":"29","author":"Garcia-Huidobro","year":"2012","journal-title":"Revista Chilena de Infectologia: Organo Oficial de la Sociedad Chilena de Infectologia"},{"volume-title":"Control of Communicable Diseases Manual","year":"2008","author":"Heymann","key":"S0950268817002667_ref1"},{"volume-title":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","year":"2018","author":"Hunter","key":"S0950268817002667_ref2"},{"key":"S0950268817002667_ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1007313320486"},{"key":"S0950268817002667_ref5","unstructured":"European Food Safety Authority\/European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control. Multi-country outbreak of Salmonella Enteritidis phage type 8, MLVA type 2-9-7-3-2 and 2-9-6-3-2 infections [Technical report]. Published: 7 March 2017."},{"key":"S0950268817002667_ref7","unstructured":"Ministry of Rural Development and Food. Implementation of the National Control Programmes for Salmonella in chicken and turkey flocks in the years 2009\u20132014. [Technical report]. Published: 23 December 2015."},{"volume-title":"Antigenic Formulae of the Salmonella Serovars","year":"2007","author":"Grimont","key":"S0950268817002667_ref9"},{"key":"S0950268817002667_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268800067765"},{"key":"S0950268817002667_ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.2807\/ese.16.32.19942-en","article-title":"Standardisation of multilocus variable-number tandem-repeat analysis (MLVA) for subtyping of Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis","volume":"16","author":"Hopkins","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eurosurveillance"},{"key":"S0950268817002667_ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268816001941"},{"key":"S0950268817002667_ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268800050366"},{"key":"S0950268817002667_ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-6968.2006.00398.x"},{"key":"S0950268817002667_ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/00365549709008662"},{"key":"S0950268817002667_ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S095026880005737X"},{"key":"S0950268817002667_ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/mic.0.050351-0"},{"key":"S0950268817002667_ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2807\/esm.04.02.00075-en"},{"key":"S0950268817002667_ref25","first-page":"166","article-title":"An epidemic of salmonellosis in the First League Hockey Team. [In Czech]","volume":"47","author":"Cern\u00fd","year":"1998","journal-title":"Epidemiologie, Mikrobiologie, Imunologie: Casopis Spolecnosti pro Epidemiologii a Mikrobiologii Ceske Lekarske Spolecnosti JE Purkyne"},{"key":"S0950268817002667_ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268899003155"},{"key":"S0950268817002667_ref33","first-page":"325","article-title":"Phage types and plasmid profiles of plasmid DNA strains of Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica ser. Enteritidis (S. Enteritidis) isolated from food poisoning outbreaks in 2001. [In Polish]","volume":"54","author":"Cieslik","year":"2002","journal-title":"Medycyna Oswiadczalna Mikrobiologia"}],"container-title":["Epidemiology and Infection"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S0950268817002667","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,9]],"date-time":"2022-08-09T21:13:37Z","timestamp":1660079617000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S0950268817002667\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,4]]},"references-count":38,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,1]]}},"alternative-id":["S0950268817002667"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s0950268817002667","relation":{},"ISSN":["0950-2688","1469-4409"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0950-2688"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1469-4409"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 Cambridge University Press 2017\u00a0","name":"license","label":"License","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}}]}}