{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,4]],"date-time":"2026-11-04T22:19:49Z","timestamp":1793830789729,"version":"4.6.1"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,14]],"date-time":"2018-03-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1520985600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Epidemiol. Infect."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Infections caused by extended-spectrum <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>-lactamase-producing <jats:italic>Enterobacteriaceae<\/jats:italic> (ESBL-E) have become increasingly prevalent, posing a serious public threat worldwide. It is commonly believed that untreated urinary tract infections (UTI) and asymptomatic bacteriuria (ABU) during pregnancy are associated with poor obstetric outcomes. Currently, there is a paucity of data regarding the outcomes or risk factors of such ESBL-E infections in pregnant women. We conducted a retrospective 1:2 matched case\u2013control study of hospitalised pregnant women with ESBL-E- <jats:italic>vs.<\/jats:italic> non-ESBL-producing <jats:italic>Enterobacteriaceae<\/jats:italic>-positive urine cultures obtained between 2004 and 2015, and compared risk factors for the development of resistant bacteria, clinical course and outcomes. In total, 87 pregnant women with ESBL-E-positive urine cultures were matched to 174 controls by decade of age, ethnicity and pregnancy trimester. Significant risk factors for acquisition of ESBL-E included prior UTI\/ABU episodes (50.6% <jats:italic>vs.<\/jats:italic> 26.3%, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.001), previous isolation of ESBL-E in urine cultures (12.6% <jats:italic>vs.<\/jats:italic> 0.6%, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.001) and prior antibiotic exposure (71.3% <jats:italic>vs.<\/jats:italic> 54%, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.002). Previous hospitalisation, however, was not found to be a risk factor. No significant difference was found in adverse obstetric outcomes. We conclude that prior urinary infections and antibiotic exposure were significant risk factors for the isolation of ESBL-E pathogens from the urine of pregnant women; however, this was not associated with worse obstetric outcomes compared with non-ESBL-E pathogens.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0950268818000365","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,14]],"date-time":"2018-03-14T04:09:55Z","timestamp":1521000595000},"page":"771-774","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Outcomes of UTI and bacteriuria caused by ESBL <i>vs<\/i>. non-ESBL Enterobacteriaceae isolates in pregnancy: a matched case\u2013control study"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"146","author":[{"given":"Y.","family":"Yagel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"H.","family":"Nativ","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K.","family":"Riesenberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L.","family":"Nesher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L.","family":"Saidel-Odes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R.","family":"Smolyakov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0950268818000365_ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dks065"},{"key":"S0950268818000365_ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2013.10.006"},{"key":"S0950268818000365_ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2006.11.008"},{"key":"S0950268818000365_ref2","article-title":"Antibiotics for asymptomatic bacteriuria in pregnancy","volume":"8","author":"Smaill","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews"},{"key":"S0950268818000365_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2009.02941.x"},{"key":"S0950268818000365_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/604713"},{"key":"S0950268818000365_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciw283"},{"key":"S0950268818000365_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/427507"},{"key":"S0950268818000365_ref13","unstructured":"Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. 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