{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,12]],"date-time":"2026-09-12T00:50:10Z","timestamp":1789174210308,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,10]],"date-time":"2018-04-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1523318400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Epidemiol. Infect."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:italic>Giardia duodenalis<\/jats:italic>and<jats:italic>Cryptosporidium<\/jats:italic>spp. are common intestinal protozoa that can cause diarrhoeal disease. Although cases of infection with<jats:italic>Giardia<\/jats:italic>and<jats:italic>Cryptosporidium<\/jats:italic>have been reported in Alaska, the seroprevalence and correlates of exposure to these parasites have not been characterised. We conducted a seroprevalence survey among 887 residents of Alaska, including sport hunters, wildlife biologists, subsistence bird hunters and their families and non-exposed persons. We tested serum using a multiplex bead assay to evaluate antibodies to the<jats:italic>Giardia duodenalis<\/jats:italic>variant-specific surface protein conserved structural regions and to the<jats:italic>Cryptosporidium parvum<\/jats:italic>17- and 27-kDa antigens. Approximately one third of participants in each group had evidence of exposure to<jats:italic>Cryptosporidium<\/jats:italic>. Prevalence of<jats:italic>Giardia<\/jats:italic>antibody was highest among subsistence hunters and their families (30%), among whom positivity was associated with lack of community access to in-home running water (adjusted prevalence ratio [aPR] 1.15, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.02\u20131.28) or collecting rain, ice, or snow to use as drinking water (aPR 1.09, 95% CI 1.01\u20131.18). Improving in-home water access for entire communities could decrease the risk of exposure to<jats:italic>Giardia<\/jats:italic>.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s095026881800078x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,10]],"date-time":"2018-04-10T09:52:50Z","timestamp":1523353970000},"page":"888-894","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["<i>Giardia<\/i>and<i>Cryptosporidium<\/i>antibody prevalence and correlates of exposure among Alaska residents, 2007\u20132008"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"146","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2968-9564","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"E.","family":"Mosites","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K.","family":"Miernyk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J.W.","family":"Priest","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D.","family":"Bruden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D.","family":"Hurlburt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Parkinson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"Klejka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"T.","family":"Hennessy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.G.","family":"Bruce","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"S095026881800078X_ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2672.2012.05335.x"},{"key":"S095026881800078X_ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2009.11.003"},{"key":"S095026881800078X_ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1999.60.578"},{"key":"S095026881800078X_ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-016-5297-6"},{"key":"S095026881800078X_ref31","unstructured":"2011 Annual (January\u2013December) Infectious Disease Report (2012) State of Alaska division of public health."},{"key":"S095026881800078X_ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CVI.00073-10"},{"key":"S095026881800078X_ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2011.09.094"},{"key":"S095026881800078X_ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1128\/CDLI.8.2.415-423.2001","article-title":"Enzyme immunoassay detection of antigen-specific immunoglobulin g antibodies in longitudinal serum samples from patients with cryptosporidiosis","volume":"8","author":"Priest","year":"2001","journal-title":"Clinical Diagnostics and Laboratory Immunology"},{"key":"S095026881800078X_ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.13-0545"},{"key":"S095026881800078X_ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CVI.00160-10"},{"key":"S095026881800078X_ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1645\/0022-3395(2002)088[0213:MCOCSI]2.0.CO;2"},{"key":"S095026881800078X_ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7589\/0090-3558-47.4.984"},{"key":"S095026881800078X_ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2166\/wh.2015.110"},{"key":"S095026881800078X_ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/INF.0b013e3181bdbed5"},{"key":"S095026881800078X_ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1220","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2011-1943","article-title":"Risk factors for hospitalization with lower respiratory tract infections in children in rural Alaska","volume":"129","author":"Bulkow","year":"2012","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"S095026881800078X_ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3402\/ijch.v72i0.21233"},{"key":"S095026881800078X_ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jpids\/pit069"},{"key":"S095026881800078X_ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/INF.0000000000000772"},{"key":"#cr-split#-S095026881800078X_ref14.1","unstructured":"Healthy Alaskans (2020) Healthy Alaskans 2020: 25 Leading Health Priorities: State of Alaska"},{"key":"#cr-split#-S095026881800078X_ref14.2","unstructured":"2016 [cited 2016 12\/12]. 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