{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,19]],"date-time":"2026-06-19T14:18:08Z","timestamp":1781878688836,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,31]],"date-time":"2018-05-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1527724800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Epidemiol. Infect."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>In Sweden, leishmaniasis is an imported disease and its epidemiology and incidence were not known until now. We conducted a retrospective, nationwide, epidemiological study from 1993 to 2016. Probable cases were patients with leishmaniasis diagnoses reported to the Swedish Patient registry, collecting data on admitted patients in Swedish healthcare since 1993 and out-patient visits since 2001. Confirmed cases were those with a laboratory test positive for leishmaniasis during 1993\u20132016. 299 probable cases and 182 confirmed cases were identified. Annual incidence ranged from 0.023 to 0.35 per 100 000 with a rapid increase in the last 4 years. Of 182 laboratory-verified cases, 96 were diagnosed from 2013 to 2016, and in this group, almost half of the patients were children under 18 years. Patients presented in different healthcare settings in all regions of Sweden. Cutaneous leishmaniasis was the most common clinical manifestation and the majority of infections were acquired in Asia including the Middle East, specifically Syria and Afghanistan. <jats:italic>Leishmania tropica<\/jats:italic> was responsible for the majority of cases (42%). A combination of laboratory methods increased the sensitivity of diagnosis among confirmed cases. In 2016, one-tenth of the Swedish population were born in <jats:italic>Leishmania<\/jats:italic>-endemic countries and many Swedes travel to these countries for work or vacation. Swedish residents who have spent time in <jats:italic>Leishmania<\/jats:italic>-endemic areas, could be at risk of developing disease some time during their lives. Increased awareness and knowledge are needed for correct diagnosis and management of leishmaniasis in Sweden.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0950268818001309","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,31]],"date-time":"2018-05-31T01:50:56Z","timestamp":1527731456000},"page":"1267-1274","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Imported leishmaniasis in Sweden 1993\u20132016"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"146","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3789-0532","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"S. K.","family":"S\u00f6birk","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2995-1312","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M.","family":"Inghammar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Collin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L.","family":"Davidsson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0950268818001309_ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2012.10-0558"},{"key":"S0950268818001309_ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1179\/000349803225002499"},{"key":"S0950268818001309_ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2010.06.013"},{"key":"S0950268818001309_ref10","unstructured":"Public Health Agency of Sweden, Publication 2015. Available at https:\/\/www.folkhalsomyndigheten.se\/globalassets\/livsvillkor-levnadsvanor\/flyktingsituationen\/manniskor-pa-flykt-vagledning-vardpersonal.pdf (Accessed 24 November 2017)."},{"key":"S0950268818001309_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-11-450"},{"key":"S0950268818001309_ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2807\/1560-7917.ES.2016.21.49.30418"},{"key":"S0950268818001309_ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00104-14"},{"key":"S0950268818001309_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/tid.12444"},{"key":"S0950268818001309_ref7","first-page":"1","article-title":"Imported leishmaniasis in the Netherlands from 2005 to 2012: epidemiology, diagnostic techniques and sequence-based species typing from 195 patients","volume":"18","author":"Bart","year":"2013","journal-title":"Euro Surveillance"},{"key":"S0950268818001309_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tmaid.2014.09.007"},{"key":"S0950268818001309_ref12","unstructured":"WHO Technical Report Series 949. (2010) Control of the leishmaniases, Report of a meeting of the WHO Expert Committee on the Control of Leishmaniases, Geneva, 22\u201326 March 2010."},{"key":"S0950268818001309_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/trf.13344"},{"key":"S0950268818001309_ref2","unstructured":"Global Health Observatory (GHO) Data, Leishmaniasis. Available at :http\/\/www.who.int\/gho\/neglected_disaeases\/leishmaniasis\/en (Accessed 4 May 2017)."},{"key":"S0950268818001309_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10654-009-9350-y"},{"key":"S0950268818001309_ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1016\/0166-6851(92)90208-2","article-title":"Sequence analysis of small subunit ribosomal RNA genes and its use for detection and identification of Leishmania parasites","volume":"51","author":"Van Eys","year":"1992","journal-title":"Molecular and Biochemical Parasitology"},{"key":"S0950268818001309_ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tmaid.2013.03.002"},{"key":"S0950268818001309_ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1179\/136485907X176436"},{"key":"S0950268818001309_ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-005-1363-1"},{"key":"S0950268818001309_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.02851"},{"key":"S0950268818001309_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0129418"},{"key":"S0950268818001309_ref23","unstructured":"Statistics Sweden (Statistiska centralbyr\u00e5n) database. Population by country of birth and country of origin 2017. Available at http:\/\/www.scb.se\/hitta-statistik\/statistik-efter-amne\/befolkning\/befolkningens-sammansattning\/befolkningsstatistik\/pong\/tabell-och-diagram\/helarsstatistik--riket\/befolkning-efter-fodelseland-och-ursprungsland\/ (Accessed 5 June 2017)."},{"key":"S0950268818001309_ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.44.4.1435-1439.2006"},{"key":"S0950268818001309_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/qjmed\/hch127"},{"key":"S0950268818001309_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1179\/2047773215Y.0000000029"},{"key":"S0950268818001309_ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0732-8893(03)00093-2"},{"key":"S0950268818001309_ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid0907.030023"}],"container-title":["Epidemiology and Infection"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S0950268818001309","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,13]],"date-time":"2019-04-13T19:02:24Z","timestamp":1555182144000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S0950268818001309\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,31]]},"references-count":26,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,7]]}},"alternative-id":["S0950268818001309"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s0950268818001309","relation":{},"ISSN":["0950-2688","1469-4409"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0950-2688","type":"print"},{"value":"1469-4409","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,31]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 Cambridge University Press 2018\u00a0This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution licence (http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/), which permits unrestricted re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.","name":"license","label":"License","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}}]}}