{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,24]],"date-time":"2026-08-24T17:42:39Z","timestamp":1787593359603,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":8,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,26]],"date-time":"2018-07-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1532563200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Epidemiol. Infect."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n\t  <jats:p>The 2017 plague outbreak in Madagascar was unprecedented in the African region, resulting in 2417 cases (498 confirmed, 793 probable and 1126 suspected) and 209 deaths by the end of the acute urban pneumonic phase of the outbreak. The Health Emergencies Programme of the WHO Regional Office for Africa together with the WHO Country Office and WHO Headquarters assisted the Ministry of Public Health of Madagascar in the rapid implementation of plague prevention and control measures while collecting and analysing quantitative and qualitative data to inform immediate interventions. We document the key findings of the evidence available to date and actions taken as a result. Based on the four goals of operational research \u2013 effective dissemination of results, peer-reviewed publication, changes to policy and practice and improvements in programme performance and health \u2013 we evaluate the use of evidence to inform response to the outbreak and describe lessons learned for future outbreak responses in the WHO African region. This article may not be reprinted or reused in any way in order to promote any commercial products or services.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0950268818001875","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,26]],"date-time":"2018-07-26T05:36:13Z","timestamp":1532583373000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Using evidence to inform response to the 2017 plague outbreak in Madagascar: a view from the WHO African Regional Office"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"147","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2371-0112","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"K.","family":"Heitzinger","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"B.","family":"Impouma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5463-0858","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"B. L.","family":"Farham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"E. L.","family":"Hamblion","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C.","family":"Lukoya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C.","family":"Machingaidze","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L. A.","family":"Rakotonjanabelo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Yao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"B.","family":"Diallo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M. H.","family":"Djingarey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"N.","family":"Nsenga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C. F.","family":"Ndiaye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"I. S.","family":"Fall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0950268818001875_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(11)70309-7"},{"key":"S0950268818001875_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0002382"},{"key":"S0950268818001875_ref6","unstructured":"Plague: knowledge resources for responders. Available at https:\/\/openwho.org\/courses\/knowledge-resources-plague (Accessed 16 April 2018)."},{"key":"S0950268818001875_ref5","volume-title":"Operational Guidelines on Plague Surveillance, Diagnosis, Prevention, and Control","year":"2009"},{"key":"S0950268818001875_ref2","unstructured":"WHO Regional Office for Africa. Plague outbreak Madagascar: external situation report 14. Brazzaville, Congo: WHO, 4 December 2017."},{"key":"S0950268818001875_ref3","unstructured":"WHO. WHO scales up response to plague in Madagascar 2017. Available at http:\/\/www.who.int\/mediacentre\/news\/releases\/2017\/response-plague-madagascar\/en\/."},{"key":"S0950268818001875_ref1","unstructured":"Minist\u00e8re de la Sant\u00e9 Publique de Madagascar. Le Gouvernement Malagasy d\u00e9clare la fin de l\u2019\u00e9pid\u00e9mie de peste pulmonaire urbaine apr\u00e8s avoir notifi\u00e9 24 jours plut\u00f4t le dernier cas 2017. Available at http:\/\/www.sante.gov.mg\/home\/n# (Accessed 21 December 2017)."},{"key":"S0950268818001875_ref4","volume-title":"Plague Manual: Epidemiology, Distribution, Surveillance, and Control","author":"Dennis","year":"1999"}],"container-title":["Epidemiology and Infection"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S0950268818001875","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,5]],"date-time":"2019-07-05T09:50:01Z","timestamp":1562320201000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S0950268818001875\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,26]]},"references-count":8,"alternative-id":["S0950268818001875"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s0950268818001875","relation":{},"ISSN":["0950-2688","1469-4409"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0950-2688","type":"print"},{"value":"1469-4409","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,26]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 Cambridge University Press and World Health Organization 2018\u00a0WHO has granted permission to Cambridge University Press to publish the contribution written by WHO. This article may not be reprinted or reused in any way in order to promote any commercial products or services.","name":"license","label":"License","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}}],"article-number":"e3"}}